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[Abstract]It is difficult for the English learner to master the expression of adverbial of concession. This arti-cle discusses several ways to express this so as to make the English learner easy to learn it.
[Key words]concept of concession; phrases; adverbial clause

让步状语从句表达的是某种相反的状况或条件,表示“虽然/尽管/即使”等意思。尽管有这种状况或条件,但主句所描述的仍然是事实或仍然有效。让步状语从句主要由though ,although引导,也可由if, even though, now that, admit-ting that等复杂连词引导,还可由某些定语从句、并列从句等表示。让步状语分句在句中可前置,强调主句的内容;亦可后置,强调从句的内容。

一、从属连词,短语等引导的从句表示让步(1)if引导的让步状语从句if除了可引导条件状语从句外,还可引导让步从句,相当于even if的含义,表示意料之外的意思,在if + adj的结构中最常见:If he is old, he is still active•(虽然他老了,可他仍很积极。)The price, if a little bitter higher than last year, is still ratherreasonable.(这价格即使比去年稍高,仍然相当合理。)(2)while引导的让步状语从句while引导的让步状语从句,相当于though,只能前置,位于句首,语义上的从属地位非常明确,意义重心明显地落在主句上,突出主句的思想内容:While I like the colour of the skirt, I don t like its shape.(我喜欢这条裙子的颜色,但不喜欢它的款式。)

While I admit that there are problems, I don t agree that theycan t be solved•(虽然我承认有问题存在,但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。)(3)as, though, that引导的让步状语从句as, though, that引导的让步状语从句,可将分句的补语或状语置于句首,有些甚至还可将主动词或“动词+宾语”移置句首,表示强调的让步意义:Fool that I was, I took his word for it.(我真愚蠢,听信了他的话。)Rich as he is, he never helps the poor.(他虽富有,可他从不帮助穷人。)Young though he is, he knows a lot of things.(他虽年纪小,可他懂得很多。)(4)when引导的让步状语从句when表示让步,也含时间意义,但让步意义强于时间意义:He removed the tree when it was the best in the yard.(虽然这棵树是院子里最好的,他还是把它砍了。)When he has get everything, he is still dissatisfied.(他虽然得到了一切,但还是不满足。)(5)although/though引导的让步状语从句although/though引导的让步,在一般情况下可互换使用,但although比though语气重,更加强调让步概念,用于句首情况较多:Although it was snowing, it wasn t very cold.(虽然下着雨,但并不很冷。)Strange though it may seem, he remained single all his life.

(他终生不娶,尽管此事似乎令人觉得奇怪。)(6)since引导的让步状语从句since引导的让步状语,用来说明事件关系中的自然结果,表达与“时间”立场相关的让步概念,置于句首:Since we re young, we shouldn t be too afraid of making mis-takes.(因为我们年轻,所以不应该太害怕犯错误。)Since you can t answer the question, I ll ask someone else.(既然你回答不出这个问题,这就问别人了。)(7)now that引导的让步从句Nowthat I ve seen howhe lives, I knowwhy he needs somuchmoney.(看过了他的生活状况,我现在才知道他为什么需要那么多钱。)Now that John s arrived, we can begin.(既然约翰已到,我们就可以开始了。)(8)由wh词+ever引导的让步状语从句wh词+ever引导的让步状语从句,表示某种条件,重点突出主句意思。口语中常用nomatter+wh词来代替wh词+ever,做条件让步分句的引导词:Whatever I did, no one paid any attention.(无论我做什么,没人在意。)Wherever he hides, I ll find him out.(无论他躲到哪里,我都要把他找出来。)(9)whether...or...引导的让步状语从句whether... or...引导的让步分句,表示不论是否...,不管...还是...。whether...or...引导的让步状语从句,是同时提出两个或两个以上的选择,尽管这种情况可能出现,但主句的突出地位丝毫不减:Whether my parents agree or not, I ll study abroad.(不论父母是否同意,我都要出国留学。)You ll have to attend the ceremony whether you are free orbusy.(不管你忙不忙,你都要参加这个典礼。)另外,or在引导让步状语从句时,可看成是whether...or...的省略结构。如:Like it or not, you will have to do it .(无论你喜欢不喜欢,你都得做这件事。)Well or sick, calm or worried, she is always restrained in herexpression.(无论心情好与坏,是冷静还是焦虑,她总是注意自己的言辞。)

(10) granting, granted(that)引导的让步从句由granting, granted(that)引导的让步状语从句,表示就算...,纵使...,假定...Granting that you re right, I won t do it.(就算你所说的是正确的,我也不打算做那件事。)Granting that you are made some progress, you should not beconceited.(就算你取得一些进步,你不应该自负。)(11)介词短语regardless of, irrespective of引导的让步状语从句Regardless of danger, he climbed the tower.(尽管有危险他仍攀登高塔。)Anybody can take part in the competition irrespective of age.(不问本论文由英语论文网 www.51lunwen.org整理提供年龄大小,任何人皆可参加比赛。)(12)admitting(that)引导的让步状语从句,表示即便…是事实Admitting the bravery of his character, we do not think he iseasy to get along本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。