英语论文网

随着科学技术的发展，科学论文的数量急剧增加。为加强学术交流，有效地保护知识产权，《科学技术报告，学位论文和学术论文的编写格式》（GB7713-87）规定，科学技术报告、学位论文和学术论文都应撰写相应的文摘。撰写的文摘是否符合要求，在一定程度上影响科技信息的传播与学术问题的交流。本文根据《文摘编写规则》（GB6447-86）中撰写论文文摘的规定，结合部分示例，探讨撰写高等学校学报学术论文英文摘要应当注意的几个问题。

一、英文摘要的时态和语态

1．时态
在陈述研究目的、缘由、研究范围和重要性，说明课题的基本设计、使用的材料与方法、获取数据的途径以及描述研究结果时，多用一般过去时；而在作出结论或提出建议时，要用一般现在时。除了常用的一般过去时和一般现在时，其他时态很少使用。但在英文摘要中，如若表示持续到撰写论文时的行为或状态，可用现在完成时；如若表示在研究之前就已进行过的工作或已存在的状态，可用过去完成时；如若表示以后要做的工作，还可用一般将来时。比如：例1：https://www.51lunwen.org/ This paper discusses the goals and formats inlanguage teacher education.Four existing formats arediscussed[a]and a new format“Bilateral Supervision Model”was developed[b]in which the observer participates class as“student”and discusses with the teacher about his experiences.Then they exchange their roles,the purpose of which is tocreate a chance for both to ponder and discuss their bilateralexperiences in the teaching and learning process.Only friendlyenvironment can promote[c]teachers to consider their teachingmethods and arouse curiosity and creativity to consider theteaching methods of others.Leave adequate space for theteacher to keep his own ideas,strategies and techniques.①从此例可以看出，[b]处作者在谈到有一种新的模式被研发出来时用了一般过去时，而[c]处作者提及此模式的作用和意义时用的就是一般现在时。

2．语态
被动语态的广泛使用是英文摘要的另一特点。被动语态可以避免提及有关执行者，使行文显得客观并可扩展名词短语来突出题旨，扩大主句的信息量，因此在英文摘要中经常使用。但在叙述结果和提出结论或建议时，尽量用主动语态代替被动语态。这一点也可从例1中看出：[a]处和[b]处用被动语态来说明教学模式的讨论和研发，[c]处在叙述作用和结论时就用了主动语态。再看一个例子：例2：It is not surprising that grammar teaching stilldominates English teaching in China.When Chinese studentsfinally obtain opportunities to study in English-speakingcountries,does the English they have acquired throughgrammar teaching facilitate their life and academic study in thetarget countries?An investigation was conducted[d]among theChinese oversea students in the UK to find out the answer.Theresults reveals[e]that the answer to the question contains bothpositive and negative aspects.很明显，[d]处在提到进行的一次问卷调查时用被动语态，而[e]处说到调查结果时用的却是主动语态。

二、英文摘要的主要句型

科技英语中，长句屡见不鲜，但在英文摘要中应尽量使用短句子，或交替使用各种从句、非限定动词等语法手段，避免句型单调。英文摘要中以下几种表达实验目的的句型比较典型：This report intended to…It is the purpose of this article to…The purpose of this study is to…This paper reports(describes,presents,reviews,stresses,deals with,emphasizes,summarizes,reconsiders,etc)…A…trial(studies)to…be carried out(conducted)in…In order(In an attempt)to…be made(analyzed,investigated,performed)…in(among)…In order to…we demonstrated(assessed,tested,surveyed)…in(among)…下面是一个典型例子：例3：This paper reports on an empirical studyinvestigating psychotypology of Chinese learners of English.Kellerman concludes in his well-known breken study thatnative speakers’intuitions about semantic space can be used topredict transferability from the native language to the targetlanguage.The present study examines the transferring trend ofmorphosyntactic words from Chinese to English and the resultsof the study further verify the general significance ofKellerman’s conclusion.另外，在英文摘要中描述实验方法的句型主要是：The present study has been carried out by……was(were)transplanted(treated)by using…Using…we demonstrated……was(were)assessed(studied,examined,etc)by themethod(measurement)of…描述研究结果与数据、研究的新发现及其价值，可用以下句型：We found that…It was found(observed)that…The result indicated(showed)that…The details(results)of…are presented.阐述论证取得的结论时本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。