英语论文网

【摘要】科技英语相关论文文体不以语言的艺术美为追求目标,而讲究逻辑上条理清楚和思维上准确和严密,其特点为:词义明确、结构严谨、文风比较朴素和单纯。为更好地帮助读者的阅读与理解,在文体与表达方面应尽量满足读者对论文结构信息的预期,即:在宏观层次上,尽可能采用IMRD(Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion)的论文构架;在微观层次上,力求句子的文法正确、内容连贯、逻辑严密。下面试简要综述有关科技英语表达方面的注意事项。

【关键词】严密性、一致性、先旧后新

1　严密性

(1)修饰语与被修饰对象的关系应明确,主语与谓语应尽量相邻。(2)删减不必要的there be等词,以使句子的整体更为紧凑。(3)尽量使用并列的动词代替叠加的名词,以避免句子冗长、笨拙。例1: In most specimens there is more biotite than hornblende.应改为:Most specimens contain more biotite than hornblende.例2: Techniques used for identification and quantitation...应改为:Techniques used to identify and quantify...

2　一致性

(1)句子成分或词语之间在人称、数、性等方面要保持一致(尤其要注意主谓一致),如:不可数名词、集体名词的谓语动词取决于具体的语境;由what, every, each, no, neither, one等引导的单数主语必须配合单数谓语动词;单数主语后面紧跟以with, together with, along with, including, in addition to, as wellas等引导的短语时,必须配合单数谓语动词;等等。例1: After the data is printed and distributed, we can meet to discuss it.比较:Experimental data that we obtained are compared with previously reported results.(2)表示比较关系时,比较的对象必须一致。如:Unlike alkali-metal or alkaline-earth-metal cations, hydrolysis of trivalent lanthanides proceeds signifi-cantly at this pH.应改为: Unlike that of alkali-metal or alkaline-earth-metal cations, hydrolysis of triva-lent lanthanides proceeds significantly at this pH.(3)句子或段落的叙述要遵循一定的主线,力求主题内容清楚、组织形式合理,不同主题间要有起过渡作用的词或句子。例1: Scientists often have to fund their research from limited budgets. They need... (句子的中心或焦点是“scientists”)　Funding for science often comes from limited budgets. These budgets rely on... (句子的中心或焦点是“funding budgets”)

3　先旧后新

在撰写句子或段落时,应尽量将“旧信息”(前文提到过的)放在句子的开始位置(主题位置),将新信息置于句子的末尾(强调位置)。“先旧后新”式的论述可以逐步深入地表达作者的观点,并且也符合读者的阅读预期(思路不致于中断)。例如: The use of land, water and minerals has increased more than tenfold during the past two centu-ries. Future increases in population and economic development will intensify this pressure. * Major envi-ronmental changes varying from disruption of local ecosystems to disturbance of the biosphere are the like-ly cumulative impacts of human activities.简析:本段前二句连贯性较好,即第一句: The use of land, water and minerals has increased....第二句:Future increases...will intensify this pressure.第三句的内容(在*处)则发生中断,句子的开头“Majorenvironmental changes...”是新信息(观点或结论),句子末尾的“cumulative impacts...”则是旧信息(前文提到过的),因此,第三句应更改为: The cumulative impacts of human activities are likely to lead to majorenvironmental changes, varying from disruption of local ecosystems to disturbance of the biosphere.

4　语态与人称

对于主动语态或被动语态、第一人称或第三人称的使用应自然、妥当,不应刻意回避或追求采用某个特定的人称或语态。如:以Samples为叙述主题时,可采用“Samples were collected from several localities”句式;以研究过程为叙述主题时,则可表达为“We collected samples from several localities”.(1)在用词简洁且表达直接的情况下,优先使用主动语态。如:(2)避免在同一句子或段落内部改变语态形式,以避免表达上的冗长和迂回。如:(3)句子的主语在逻辑上要清楚、连贯,避免随意更改语态论文定制需求。如:

5　悬垂修饰与独立结构

悬垂修饰是指句子中动词短语与句子主语没有联系,即:动词短语的逻辑主语与主句主语不相一致。由于悬垂修饰容易引起读者的误解,因此应当尽量避免。(1)悬垂分词:指主句中的主语与句首分词短语的主语不一致,从而导致逻辑错误。例1: Upon splitting the atom, many new elements were discovered by Seaborg.应改为:Upon splitting the atom, Seaborg discovered many new elements.(2)悬垂动名词:在带有动名词的修饰性短语中,动名词通常充当介词的宾语。同样,如果主句中的主语与动名词短语的主语不一致,就会形成悬垂修饰。如:After determining the mapping of Ai from L1 to Lp, the next array dimension can be processed in thesame way.应改为:After determining the mapping of Ai from L1 to Lp, we can process the next array dimension in thesame way.(3)悬垂的不定本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。