英语论文网

Chapter One Introduction
1.1 Background of the Research
With the development of globalization,people need to communicate cross-culturally. Accordingly there is an unprecedented demand for mastering more than one language and effective communication with people from other countries and cultures.It is often found out that second language learners who have acquired enough linguistic knowledge often go through international communication breakdowns when speaking with native speakers.
Apology is a speech act which happens with high frequency in our daily lives.In the case of minor infractions(e.g.being late),an apology helps grease the wheels of social interaction, allowing the parties in question to get on with the business at hand.In the case of more serious infractions(e.g.telling a lie,or intentionally harming someone),an apology serves as a vehicle through which an offender attempts to repair broken trust.In order to achieve successful cross-cultural communication,it is necessary to learn about patterns of apology in different cultures.

An apology or a remedy(Goffman,1971)---a speech act whose primary purpose is redressive action---is one such speech strategy which pays attention to the face needs of interlocutors.It is basically aimed at maintaining or enhancing their face or restoring decorum (Goffman,1967).Olshtain(1989)defines an apology as“a speech act which is intended to provide support for H(hearer)who was actually or potentially malaffected by a violation of X”.For Holmes(1995),an apology is a speech act addressed to an interactant’s face needs with the view to remedy an offense for which the addressor,the apologizer,takes responsibility.Apology strategy refers to the way the speaker uses to provide support,remedy an offense or restore the face of the addressor.

Over the past two decades,empirical investigations of apologies have been carried on by numerous scholars.Blum-kulka and Olshtin(1983)conducted CCSARP project which aimed at investigating the realization patterns of two speech acts—requests and apologies across a range of languages and cultures in order to explore both the similarities and differences of these two acts.However,the language of Chinese did not fall into their project and the subsequent studies that followed the framework of CCSARP still seldom include the language of Chinese.This study is intended to fill this gap by exploring the results of an empirical study on apology-making strategies by Chinese college EFL learners and native English speakers.

Bibliography
1.Austin,J.How to Do Things with Words[M].Oxford:Clarendon Press,1962.
2.Beebe,L.&Cummings,M.Speech act performance:Adjunction of the data collection procedure[J].TESOL Quarterly,1985,85:78-90.
3.Blum-Kulka,S.Learning How to Say What You Mean in a Second Language:A Study of Speech Act Performance of Learners of Hebrew as a Second Language[J]. https://www.51lunwen.org/languagethesis/

Applied Linguistics,1982,3:29-59.
4.Blum-Kulka,S.&House,J.&Kasper,G.Cross-Cultural Pragmatics:Requests and Apologies[M].Ablex Publishing Corporation,1989.
5.Blum-Kulka,S.&Olshtain,E.Requests and Apologies:A cross-cultural study of speech act realization patterns[J].Applied Linguistics,1984.
6.Blum-Kulka,S.&Olstain,E.Requests and apologies:A cross-cultural study of speech-act realization patterns(C本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。