英语委婉语的社会文化现象 [4]
论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:作业 Assignment登出时间:2014-04-22编辑:cinq点击率:9626
论文字数:3000论文编号:org201404221424144719语种:英语 English地区:澳大利亚价格:免费论文
关键词:euphemism,social communicationavoid politeness
摘要:委婉语是一种特殊的优雅的语言。它的基本特征是一个愉快的,有礼貌的尊重都不明确表示,他们拐弯抹角,体面的方式来取代不愉快的,粗糙的,粗鲁的表达。
the language areas, language is a social phenomenon. The contradictions in daily life by the hard-edged or misnomer caused. Social needs subtle beauty. In the communication process, in order to express politeness, avoid stimulating or get together, we always use the euphemism. Euphemism used properly communicative activities in the community can play a multiplier role. Either English or Chinese, Euphemism is consistent with the communicative function, there are taboo, to avoid customs, manners, cover, and appraise and other functions. These features are embodied in the communication
strategy and the effect of an acceptable, identity and appropriateness and so on. Here the social function of euphemism to make a brief introduction:
3.1 Beneficial Effect
There are three ways in using euphemism: First, avoid stimulating and give comfort. Second, remove vulgar and give elegant. Third, discard the old, gives a novel. Communication in many occasions, euphemisms can talk in person or talked to the audience to avoid embarrassment, feelings of embarrassment or hurt each other, so communication and harmonious relations between the parties, communication smoothly. This result reflects the euphemism in the beneficial effect of social communication.
3.1.1 Avoidance Function
The emergence of euphemisms has a close relation with the language taboos. Taboos exist in almost all cultures. Their appearance more or lesser flecks the common psychology of human beings: theawe and veneration to the gods, ghosts and monsters; the avoidance of the unpropitious things. The replacement of taboos is the specific expression of the avoidance function. "Death" is the most commonly seen word that people want to avoid. As a matter of fact, life is self-defined, entailing both a beginning and an end, i.e. birth and death. However, most people think death is the biggest misfortune in their lives. Whenever speaking of it, people always feel painful and distressing to think about. In the English language, people express the same meaning in various ways. One of the most well-known examples is from Engels' remarks. When referring to Marx's death, he wrote: "He had been left alone for scarcely two minutes, and when we came back we found him in his armchair, peacefully gone to sleep-but for ever." We feel that here "gone to sleep-but for ever" is certainly more expressive and appropriate than the blunt and harsh "dead". And to different people, there are corresponding euphemisms for death. If a friend or a relative dies, people may say "go to a better world, go to heaven, or pass away", etc; if a soldier dies in the battle, people will say "answer the last muster"; and to speak of the death of the saint, people use "safe in the arms of Jesus" or "be with God". of course, this list is not at all complete. As for the less common ones, there are such expressions as Shakespeare's "to shuffle off this mortal coil" and "to end it all", and Mark Twain's "release" in his The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Besides death, there are a number of other notions often expressed in euphemistic terms. These might be grouped under several categories, such as disease, certain functions of the body, etc. Euphemisms here can abate the terror and unpleasantness these notions provoke though they are but inevitable and natural. For example, cancer is called
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