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2.1 An overview of language transfer
Originally, transfer is not a terminology in Second Language Acquisition, but aterm borrowed from psychology. It is closely associated with behaviorist theories ofL2 learning, which refers to the effect of known knowledge or skill on the acquisitionof the new knowledge or skill (LU，2002). In Second Language Learning is a hottopic both at home and abroad. Since researchers observe this language phenomenonfrom different aspects, there are different definitions of it:H.Ellis (1965) proposes transfer as "the hypothesis that the study of task Ainfluences the study of task B". James (1983) holds the opinion that the definition oflanguage transfer is to replace the task A to LI and task B to L2 from Ellis' point ofview.Krashen (1983) argues that “Transfer…can still be regarded as padding，or theresult of falling back on old knowledge. The LI rule，when new language.. ? is lacking.Its cause may simply be having to talk before’ ready’，before the necessary rule hasbeen acquired".
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2.2 Previous researches
There are more and more researchers who have achieved a great success in thecontrastive study between English and Chinese sound systems. By comparing thephonetic systems of English and Chinese，many researchers and linguists explored thearea of the influences of Standard Chinese on the acquisition of English. In this way,they devote a lot to the Second Language Learning. Studies focused on the influencesof local accent on the acquisition of English language are prosperous in recent years. In the early 1930s，Y.R. Chao published an article named A Contrastive analysisof English (including General America) and Chinese Tones. In 1957，Fang Shuzhenwrote a paper called A Contrastive Study of English and Cantonese，in which therelationship between English speech sounds and Guangdong accent is firstly analyzedin detail. In 2004，Yu Pingfang held a contrastive analysis on English and dialects'tone in Wuhan area as her M.A. thesis. In 2006，Zhang Haiyan wrote a thesis namedNegative Transfer of Mother Tongue in Foreign Language. In 2008，Chen Haijiepresented a thesis titled Typical English Pronunciation Errors by Middle SchoolStudents from Changsha Dialect Areas and Correcting Strategies. In 2011，Wu Rongwrote an article named The Research on the Phenomenon of Negative Transfer inLearning English Phonetics-On the Negative transfer of Nan County DialectalPhonetics to the English Pronunciation and Intonation of Secondary VocationalSchool Students, and talks about the relationship between the pronunciation ofEnglish and Nan County and tries to find out possible ways to avoid the negativetransfer. In 2012, Zhang Fang wrote a thesis about the negative transfer of QingjianDialect to EFL Learners' English Pronunciation and tries to figure out the similaritiesand differences between English and the local Qingjian Dialect.
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Chapter 3 Research Methodology........ 17
3.1 Research Questions....... 17
3.2 Participants....... 17
3.3 Instruments....... 18
3.3.1 Questionnaire....... 19
3.3.2 Interview....... 19
3.3.3 Audio Record....... 20
3.4 Data Collection .......21
3.5 Different Teaching Methods according to the Problems....... 25
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