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p;learning,  to  changing  political agendas  and  contexts,  and  to  the  communicative  strategies”  (Carvalho  &  Burgess, 2005:1467). 
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Chapter 1  Literature Review

1.1 Previous Studies on Climate Change in Media Coverage 
As a multifaceted and complicated issue, climate change has gone through ups and downs  in  the  media  for  several  years.  Since  the  1990s,  climate  change  has  become  a prominent issue in society as well as in science, attracting numerous prints and media varied  from  newspapers,  websites,  and  blogs.  A  body  of  previous  research  probe  into this  issue.  They  focus  on  the  influence  of  climate  change  to  human  beings,  the construction  of  climate  change  risk  in  media  reports  and  the  different  awareness between individuals and collectives. The intersection of mass media, science and policy is a particularly dynamic arena of  communication,  in  which  all  sides  have  high  stakes  (Boykoff  &  Rajan,  2007:207). Given their wide reach, it is of great significance to investigate the media coverage of scientific  topics  and  figure  out  the  interaction  among  media,  science,  politics  and society. As early as in mid-1990s, Trumbo (1996) investigates climate change based on the social  problems  theory  and  Downs’  issue-attention  cycle  to  figure  the  interaction between media, science and policy. Carvalho (2005) employs critical discourse analysis to  do  diachronic  and  synchronic  study  on  the  discursive  strategies  of  politicians  and media  in  the  construction  of  climate  change.  Through  the  examination  to  the  US prestigious  press,  Boykoff  and  Boykoff  (2004)  discovers  the  presence  of  a  specific journalistic  norm  of  balanced  reporting  which  always  aims  to  find  and  portray  two viewpoints to an issue. 
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1.2 Corpus-based Studies on Metaphor
Although corpus-based studies on metaphor have a short history, there are fruitful outcomes both at home and abroad. There  has  been  a  large  amount  of  empirical  research  of  naturally  occurring metaphor  in  both  spoken  and  written  forms  before  Martin  combines  corpus  into  his studies and provides the specific contextual data to test the validity of the metaphor. As a pioneer applying corpus into metaphor studies, Martin (1994) probes into the context effects  on  metaphor  comprehension.  Through  a  minimal  rational  analysis  of  context effects  on  metaphor,  an  e本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。