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1   Introduction 

1.1   Research Background 
The phenomenon of politeness is an important issue under discussion in a wide range of academic and practical fields, such as psychology, sociology, pedagogy and so forth. At the same time, the phenomenon of politeness also attracts a lot of interest of linguists, and they point out that language and politeness are closely related. In  the  philosophical  sense,  it  is  language  that  makes  human  beings  different  from animals,  and  it  is  no  doubt  that  language  plays  the  main  and  fundamental  role  anytime  and anywhere in contacts of people with each other. Generally people think that language is for the  transmission  of  information.  Language,  however,  also  does  another  job:  it  involves  the management of interpersonal and social relations. Brown and Yule (1983) identify two central functions  of  language:  the  transactional  function  and  the  interactional  function,  that  is, transferring information and maintaining social relationships. They suggest that language use is either primarily transactional in focus, or primarily interactional in focus, and that the aims of  these  two  main  sorts  of  discourse  are  not  similar.  The  goal  of  transactional  speech  is  to convey information coherently, and accurately, while the goal of interactional language is to communicate  good  will  and  friendliness,  and  to  make  the  participants  feel  comfortable  and unthreatened.  Especially  for  the  reasons  that  nowadays  globalization  has  become  a  general tendency almost in every field because of the rapid development of economy, of science and of technology, and contacts among people from the same country or from different countries become  more  and  more  frequent,  much  more  attention  should  be  paid  to  the  interactional function of language. One  of  the  main  fields  of  linguistics  that  is  related  to  the  latter  function  of  language mentioned  above  is  the  study  of  politeness.  With  regard  to  politeness,  it  has  been  the  main focus of pragmatics since 1970s, from which influential politeness theories are published one after another and a large number of researches and articles on politeness appear at home and abroad.  Such  vital  theories  as  these  are  Leech’s  Politeness  Principle  (short  for  PP,  1983), Brown  and  Levinson’s  Face  Theory  (1978,  1987),  Gu  Yueguo’s  Politeness  Maxims  (1990) and  so  on.  However,  there  are  more  or  less  weaknesses  in  these  influential  theoretical frameworks  inevitably.  For  本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。