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f societal value. The disregard and underestimation of humanities and arts effectively marginalise and psychologically harm non-dominant communities while ignoring their spiritual needs and ethical response. Consequently, they are compelled to seek solace in sexual activities and medication to address their spiritual void and heal emotional traumas. 

Each company is equivalent to a community, providing its employees and inhabitants essential amenities and infrastructure, including sustenance, entertainment, and protection; however, people who live in the Compounds are subjected to the control of biotechnology corporations and are obliged to adhere to specific protocols in order to sustain their livelihoods. On the other hand, the marginalised populations reside within the Pleeblands, a considerable distance from the Compounds, and are frequently afflicted by maladies and deprivation, grappling to subsist. Raised in an environment that prioritises profitability over ethicality, Jimmy and Crake both experienced emotional traumas stemming from spiritual void and social alienation. 

Chapter Three Trauma and Temporal Dissonance in Oryx and Crake ..................... 19

3.1 Fragmented Narrative: Temporal Dissonance and Traumatised Consciousness........19

3.2 Double Time Scheme: Jimmy’s Traumatic Past and Present..........................25

3.3 Nachträglichkeit: Jimmy’s Traumatised Memories.........................27

Chapter Four Trauma and First-Person Narration in Oryx and Crake ........................... 30

4.1 Unreliable Narrative: Subjectivity of Traumatic Self-Narrative.......................30

4.2 Descriptive Narrative: Experience in a Traumatised World......................34

Chapter Five Conclusion ..................................... 37

Chapter Four  Trauma and First-Person Narration in Oryx and Crake

4.1 Unreliable Narrative: Subjectivity of Traumatic Self-Narrative

In Beyond the Pleasure Principle, Sigmund Freud contends that traumas imply a connection with “a breach in an otherwise efficacious barrier against stimuli” (23) and “an urge inherent in organic life to restore an earlier state of things which the living entity has been obliged to abandon under the pressure of external disturbing forces” (30). However, the traumatic event is repressed, and the impulse to repeat it may result from the need to know what is not known. In her study of trauma, titled Unclaimed Experience, Cathy Caruth asserts that trauma encompasses much more than a pathological or simple illness of the wounded psyche. Traumatic truth, “in its delayed appearance and its belated address, cannot be linked only to what is known, but also to what remains unknown in our very actions and our language” (4). Therefore, traumatised narrators may not always be trustworthy and could be unreliable. 

“A narrator may be categorised as unreliable because the story has internal inconsistencies or diverges from the reader’s knowledge of the world.” This statement by Nünning has revealed that the significance of unreliable narration lies at the intersection of narratological and ethical本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。