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oposed to helpstudents of different levels to overcome the difficulty during listening comprehensionprocess. The questionnaire is changed and designed by Zhang Zhenghou, LvLei, TanXiaaccording to reliability analysis and validity inspection, analyzing listening comprehensiondifficulties from the perspective of college English listening. According to analysis on datacollected from students of different levels, the listening comprehension difficulty in whichphase based on the theory of Anderson’s three-phase model of listening comprehension willbe presented objectively.

 

1.3 Organization of the thesis
The thesis is composed of five chapters. Chapter one is the introduction which brieflyintroduces the importance and significance of the study. Chapter two is literature reviewwhich provides the theoretical basis of the present study. It is focused on the theories oflistening and listening comprehension, cognitive theories related to this study. And a reviewof empirical studies in which researches on listening comprehension difficulties at home andabroad are discussed. Chapter three describes this study on listening comprehension difficulty ofstudents from different levels in details, including the purpose of the study, subjects involved,instrument and data analysis. Chapter four analyses and discusses the result of the present study.This study uses questionnaire to collect data of senior high school, college and postgraduatestudents’ listening comprehension difficulties. Following the analysis and discussion of theabove chapters, chapter five proposes the implications of the study to help students cope withlistening comprehension difficulties and it comes to the conclusion and gives suggestions forfurther research in this field.

 

Chapter Ⅱ Literature Review........................ 15-31
    2.1 Definitions of listening........................  15-16
    2.2 Essence of listening ........................  16-17
    2.3 Definitions of listening ........................ 17
    2.4 A cognitive perspective ........................ 17-21
        2.4.1 Reasons for adopting ........................  17-18
        2.4.2 Cognitive theories related ........................  18-21
    2.5 Theories of listening ........................ 21-23
        2.5.1 Bottom-up and top-down ........................  21-23
        2.5.2 Anderson’s three-phase........................  23
    2.6 Factors involved in the L2 listening ........................ 23-26
        2.6.1 L2 listening comprehension ........................  24-25
        2.6.2 L2 listening comprehension ........................ 25-26
    2.7 A review of empirical studies on listening ........................  26-31
        2.7.1 Foreign studies studies on listening ........................ 26-28
        2.7.2 Domestic studies on listening ........................  28-31

 

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