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The 英国留学生语言学论文 translation industry has dramatically changed over the last ten years as the gradual process of introducing translation memory(TM) and machine translation (MT) systems in the documentation and translation workflow has been gaining momentum. Also, the burgeoning development of the software localization business in an increasingly globalised world presents a significant challenge to the translation industry by multiplying the number of languages that need to be translated and by expecting shorter turnaround time of translations. Online documentation and web delivery call for a responsive translation industry ready to deliver in a highly competitive environment.

In this scenario, the use of MT systems in the industry has spawned two additional fields that require careful consideration by language professionals: the use of controlled language sin specific industries (e.g. aeronautics, automotive industry, heavy-equipment manufacturers, and software companies) and the post-editing needs of documents translated with MT systems. Future language professionals need to beware of issues and skills such as what minimum post-editing entails, which standard metrics are starting to be developed to score machine translation output, which controlled languages are used in the industry, how to write documents in controlled language to get better results when using M-Systems, among others.

CONTROLLED LANGUAGES (CLS)
CLs have become more prevalent in the industry in recent years and are used in technical documentation systems enlarge corporations. They improve the readability of documents by imposing clear and direct writing and reduce syntactic and lexical ambiguities by applying grammatical and lexical constraints. They also increase the translatability of the text, making it amenable to MT. The resulting effect is consistency in the style of documents, the reusability of texts, and the corresponding savings in authoring and translation processes along with higher customer satisfaction because of better documentation and translation.

CLs impose a controlled vocabulary and a controlled grammar. The size of the vocabulary and the meanings per word are restricted to avoid lexical ambiguities. This is very advantageous when the translation is performed by MT systems. The rules for controlled grammar are intended to enforce a clear style where elliptical constructions, multiple coordinated sentences, syntactic ambiguity (e.g. prepositional phrase attachments, adjectival modifiers, and anaphoric expressions) are reduced to a minimum. Usually, checkers are developed and integrated in the documentation environment along with editing software, TM and MT, terminology management systems and CAT tools. Metamora (1999) provides a set of criteria that must be met in a specific application domain for a successful deployment of a CL for MT: the translation should be for dissemination or outbound translation, the authors should be highly trained, the CL should be enforced by a checker, and the domain should be technical and very specific.

References
Barthes, K. (1998): “GIFAS Rationalized French. Designing one Controlled Language to match another”, Controlled Language Application Workshop (CLAW): 87-102
Farrington, G. (1996): “AECMA Simplified English: an Overview of the International Aircraft Maintenance Language”, Controlled Language Application Wo本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。