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《中华谚语大词典》:“谚语一言简意赅，富含哲理，以形象生动、简洁凝练、质朴明快、含蓄隽永的艺术语言向人们揭示真理、传授经验，使人们从中获得智慧，得到启迪。谚语是人们对客观事物的认识，认识可以是一种判断，也可以是一种比较或选择;认识有的是赞扬或歌颂;也有的是揭露或嘲讽;认识还有一些是封建礼教所强加的。”(Being concise and comprehensive, proverbs disclose truths and impart knowledge, in the manner of vivid, simple, plain, and meaningful words.  Thus, people can acquire wisdom and enlightenment from the proverbs. Proverbs are considered as people's cognition of objective substances. The cognitions can be a kind of judgment, comparison, or choice. Some of the cognitions can be either praise or satire. The cognitions can also be imposed by feudalism traditions.)

朱光潜(33):“谚语是劳动人民对生活和生产劳动的经验总结，是一种广泛流传于民间的简练通俗而富有意义的‘现成语’，它体现了人们对生活和生产的经验感受，是劳动人民的智慧结晶。"(Zhu Guangqian, a famous Chinese esthetician, literature theorist, and translator, puts forward: proverbs are the conclusions of living and working experience drawn by people. They are a kind of simple and meaningful "ready-made words", spreading from mouth to mouth.)

Similar with the definitions of English proverbs, the definitions of Chinese proverbs are also unilateral. Without a definite definition of proverb, the data collection cannot be carried out successfully. As there is no standard or authoritative definition of proverbs nowadays, an effective definition of proverb is needed for this research to select data from the Internet and other channels.

A. Definitions of Metaphor

Richards first puts forward the theory and gives the terms "tenor" and "vehicle" to the two differences in metaphor. In his terminology, the tenor is "the underlying idea or principal subject which the vehicle or figuremeans", and the vehicle is the image or the figure, or the basic analogy, which used to embody or to carry the tenor. According to Richards, when people are using metaphors, the meanings of metaphors can be understood by means of the interaction of the tenor and the vehicle. The reason why the two thoughts can be interacted is that they share the background or similar surroundings.  

In other people’s view, there are other many definitions about metaphor. For example, Lakoff and Johnson claim that human conceptual system is metaphorically and defined, and then they show their concept persuasively that a metaphor is very common both in thoughts and in everyday language usages. In their view, a metaphor is not only just a kind of words or linguistic expressions but also of abstract concepts, of thinking of one thing by means of another. On the basis of empiricism, they put forward the theory of conceptual metaphors in their book Metaphors We Live By. The conceptual metaphor is a system of metaphors that lies behind much of everyday language and conducts people's everyday conceptual system, including most abstract concepts. A metaphor is conceptual in its nature meanings, and plays a very important role in people's mental worlds of many abstract concepts.

B. Definitions of Proverb

Many different definitions are given in various authoritative English dictionaries and by some famous scholars in foreign countries, such as：

OxfordConcise Dictionary of Proverbs: "a proverb is a traditional saying which offers advice or presents a moral in a short and p本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。