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According this theory, the motivational importance of goal setting lies in its affect on performance and also helps to clarify why several people carry out better on work tasks than others. Garddner (1985)there are two important aspects of goals which are goal mechanisms and attributes . Content and intensity are most widely studied goal attributes are intensity and content. goal specificity and goal difficulty are aspects of content which get the most research effort. Alkinson( 2000) commitment is the most commonly studied feature of intensity which is the degree to which a person is attracted to the goal, considers it significant, is determined to achieve it, and sticks with it in the face of difficulties.

Locke and Latham (1994: 19) summarize three direct mechanisms :Firstly, goals direct activity toward actions which are goal appropriate to it at the expense of actions that are not inappropriate. Secondly, goals adjust effort spending (expenditure) in that individuals regulate their effort to the complexity level of the goal or task . Thirdly, goals influence the perseverance of action in situations where there are no time limits.

Finally, Dornyei& Ushioda (2009) maintains that attributional theory of motivation describes(portrays) individuals (human beings) as scientists who are motivated to achieve a causal understanding of the world. The strivings for a causal explanation of the causal inferences and events made are supposed to have behavioural implications. The chief sets of causes in achievement-related contexts recognized( identified) as individual (being)responsible for failure and success are, effort, ability, luck and task characteristics. Weiner, 1992) states effort and ability are frequently perceived to be the most general causes of performance .The causes which identified are distinguished along some dimensions. The most basic one is the internal and external difference, which reflects the more general split between individual (factors

inside the person) and environment (factors inside the environment) implied (implicit) in all the main individual’s motivation theories .This aspect is regarded as causality locus . The second aspect portrays whether a cause is quite constant( steady) and is regarded as the constancy aspect. The third identifies (specifis) whether a specific cause is under the volitional control of a person and is considered as the controllability aspect.

Please suggest a relevant title below( what do u think to stay the below section or integrate it with interview section or with literature review or like background). Please do what you think is logical.

Motivation of adult Libyan students in the UK: Instrumental or Integrative( causes to instrumental do not integrative)

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