英语论文网

（King's English不能直译为"国王英语"，它是指标准英语，相当于汉语中的"普通话"。）
(13). The young girl thumbed her way to the passing cars.
那个年轻的姑娘站在路边不停地向来往的汽车摆动着竖起的拇指表示她要搭车。
(thumbed her way 为英语手势语,意为 "站在路边向来往的汽车摆动着竖起的拇指表示她要搭车",在汉语中没有这种手势语,翻译时只有采用释义法,以便让我国读者明白其意.)
(14). At 19 he had commenced one of those careers attractive and inexplicable to ordinary mortals for whom a single bankruptcy is good as a feast.
他19岁时就已经走上了一条在普通人看来是极富吸引力而又不可理解的道路，普通人认为，只是一次破产就叫人够呛了。
(good as a feast 如直译为 "像丰盛的宴席一样好",意思正好反了.直接释明其意 "叫人够呛",地道通顺.)
(15) She and her mother are as like as two peas.
她和她母亲长得一模一样.
(as like as two peas 不能译为 "像两颗豌豆一样相似")
(16) Look at the chaps in Politics and business, whose whole lives were passed in skating on thin ice, and getting knighted for it.
试看那些政治上和商业上的家伙们, 他们整个儿的生活都是在风险中度过的,可是都因此封了爵.
( skating on thin ice 如直译为 "如履薄冰", 让人产生谨小慎微的联想, 与原意不符, 故译其意 "在风险中度过".)
（17） Mr. Kingsley and his Red Brick boys will have to look to their laurels.
金斯利先生和他那些二流大学的学生们必须小心翼翼地保持已经取得的荣誉。
（Red Brick又称Red Brick Universities，指英国除牛津、剑桥大学以外的其他地方性二流大学。因其建筑主要是红砖砌成，不象牛津、剑桥的建筑均为古色古香的石块所建成，故得此名。
(18) Clearly a tug of war over key policies continues between the pragmatic and ideological camps.
不言而喻,注重务实的和强调意识形态的两大营垒还会在重大政策上争吵不休.
(tug of war 本意为 "拔河", 在此处为比喻用法, 指 "双方势均力敌,争吵不休", 直译显然不妥, 故采用释义法.)
第6课翻译技巧--增词
英汉两种语言由于表达方式不尽相同，翻译时常常有必要在译文的词量上作适当的增加，使译文既能忠实地传达原文的内容和风格，又能符合译入语的表达习惯。但是增词必须是根据具体情况增加非增加不可的词语。增词一般用于以下三种情况：一是为了语法上的需要；二是为了意义上的需要；三是为了修辞上的需要。
一、为了语法上的需要
英语中没有量词，汉译时就得根据汉语的表达习惯增加合适的量词。例如：
(1) To the east and the south a faint pink is spreading.
东南方呈现一抹浅红，正在向远处扩展。
(2) The sun rose thinly from the sea.
一轮红日从海边淡淡升起。
(3) A stream was winding its ways through the valley into the river.
一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇到江里去了。
(4) I was extremely worried about her, but this was neither the place nor the time for a lecture or an argument.
我真替他万分担忧，但此时此地既不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。
(5) It was a nova!
这是一颗新星！
英语动词有时、体的变化、有语气，而汉语动词却没有对等的表现形式，翻译时常常须增加一些表示时体和语气的词才行。例如：
(1) I had imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection, but it seems it is to smell the lamb and make sure that it is her own. 原来我以为这不过是一种亲热的表示，但是现在看来，这是为了闻一闻羊羔的味道，来断定是不是自己生的。
(2) I was, and remain, grateful for the part he played in my release. 我的获释是他成全的，对此我过去很感激，现在仍然很感激。
(3) The old man said, " They say his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are."
老人说："听人说，从前他父亲是个打鱼的。他过去也许跟我们现在一样穷。"
(4) The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him.
原来老头儿已教会了孩子捕鱼，所以孩子很爱他。
(5) English prose is elaborate rather than simple. It was not always so.
现今英国散文华巧而欠简朴，过去却并非总是如此。
英语的可数名词有单复数之别，汉语则没有。翻译时常常有必要增词以便传达这一含义。例如：
(1) The lion is the king of animals.狮子是百兽之王。
(2) I saw bubbles rising from under the water.我看见一个个水泡从水下升起。
(3) The very earth trembled as with the tramps of horses and murmur of angry men.
连大地都震动了，仿佛万马奔腾，千夫怒吼。
(4) The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley.
群山已在山谷里开始投下蔚蓝色的长影。
(5) An individual human existence should be like a river-small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls.

一个人的一生