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The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) outlines a process to achieve uniform national health data standards and health information privacy in the United States. Enacted with the widespread support of the industry and bipartisan support in the Congress, the law requires that the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) adopt standards to support the electronic exchange of a variety of administrative and financial health care transactions. All health plans, health care clearinghouses, and those health care providers who elect to conduct the specified transactions electronically are required to comply with the standards within 2 years of their adoption, except that small health plans are required to comply within 3 years. Among these standards are:

Certain uniform transactions and data elements for health claims and equivalent encounter information, claims attachments, health care payment and remittance advice, health plan enrollment and disenrollment, health plan eligibility, health plan premium payments, first report of injury, health claim status, referral certification and authorization, and for coordination of benefits.

1996年，健康保险流通与责任法案(HIPAA)概述了一个案件,主要讲述了美国为了实现数据的统一而实行的卫生标准和卫生信息保护措施。得到了行业和国会两党的广泛和支持,法律要求，采用法律标准管理行政和金融医疗事业。所有的卫生计划,医疗信息交换中心和卫生保健都为选择电子指定业务的人们提供所需遵守的标准。这些标准包括:统一的健康声明，等效接触信息,医保支付和汇款,健康计划登记和健康计划资格,健康计划保费支付,受伤的第一份报告,健康索赔状态,推荐认证和授权等。

Unique identifiers for individuals, employers, health plans, and health care providers for use in the health care system.Code sets and classification systems for the data elements of the transactions identified.Security standards for health information.Standards for procedures for the electronic transmission and authentication of signatures with respect to the transactions identified.

个人、雇主、健康计划,和卫生保健提供者在卫生保健系统中使用的惟一标识符为代码集和分类系统数据元素的交易确认，安全卫生信息标准，标准程序的电子传输和身份验证签名的交易确认。

Privacy and confidentiality protections for health information play a prominent role in the law as well. The Secretary is required to adopt security standards to safeguard health information, during transmission and while stored in health information systems, to ensure the integrity of the information, and to protect against unauthorized uses and disclosures. Further, the law requires the Secretary to make detailed recommendations to the Congress for protection of individually identifiable health information. These recommendations were delivered to the Congress on September 11, 1997. If the Congress does not enact legislation for health record privacy by August 21, 1999, the law requires the Secretary to issue regulations to protect the privacy of individually identifiable health information transmitted in standard transactions. These regulations must be finalized by February 21, 2000.

The law also specifies steep penalties for misuse of a health identifier and for wrongfully obtaining or disclosing individually identifiable health information. The penalties, which increase by type of offense, can be as much as $250,000 and 10 years in prison. More serious offenses are defined as those committed under false pretenses or those commi本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。