为什么社会学家需要理论社会学理论
论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:作业 Assignment登出时间:2015-06-28编辑:xiaoni2000点击率:2596
论文字数:1594论文编号:org201506250936563896语种:英语 English地区:澳大利亚价格:免费论文
关键词:
摘要:本文是一篇澳大立业课程作业,主要讨论了为什么社会学家需要理论社会学论文这一话题。
简单来说,理论是社会学家用来解释已经发生的社会现象。一种理论是社会学家用来解释社会发生了什么事,为什么会发生这种事情。根据Durkheim
quotes的评估,“社会学是一种方法,这种方法是发现社会的终极真理,改良社会为目的的”(Seidman,2008)。大多数社会学家认为这句话总结了他们研究社会和利用理论来解释社会现象的原因。在社会学和社会学理论之外提供外另一个视图或在社会的某一方面的人。还有更多的理论,更多的选择和自由思想有人寻找的答案为什么会是这样的。因此,理论是社会持续发展的根本,为那些寻求可能的答案。这是自然对人类问为什么,人类寻找答案的过程。社会学家也用理论抽象的特定信息并将其转换成更通俗的语言,以便其他人可以理解它。更进一步,他们用理论来给社会事件分一个特定的类。
In simple terms, theories are used by sociologists to explain how social phenomena has occurred. A theory is used as an explanation by sociologists as to why something occurs in society. Durkheim quotes, 'sociology is a way to discover ultimate truths about society, for the purpose of social improvement' (Seidman, 2008). For most sociologists this quote summarizes the reasons they study society and in turn use theories to explain social phenomena. Theories offer people in sociology and outside sociology another view or take on a certain aspect of society. The more theories there are, the more choice and freedom of thought there is for someone looking for answers as to why society is the way it is. Hence theories are essential to the continuing development of society, providing potential answers to those who seek them. It is natural for humans to ask why and seek answers. Sociologist also use theories to abstract particular information and convert it into more general material, so that others can make sense of it. Further more they use theories to categorise and group sociological happenings into a specific class.
In order to illustrate the above, the Neo-Marxist theorists Althusser and Gramsci will be compared, seeing as they both have their own unique approach to Marxism and interpreted Marx's idea's in different ways. Gramsci was the humanitarian Neo-Marxist while Althusser was more of a scientific Neo-Marxist (Kellner, 2005). With Althusser being a structuralist he in turn rejected Marx's Hegelian essentialism, the two kinds of which being economism and humanism (Scott, 2007). Hence Althusser was very much an anti-economist and anti-humanist. Althusser viewed ideology itself a determining inflection that moulds consciousness and ultimately represents a considerably large swerve away from economic determination (Scott, 2007). For Althusser ideology portrayed the relationship between the persons imagination and their actual conditions of existence. He felt that ideology transformed humans into subjects of ideological process that shaped them while at the same time they are conned into viewing themselves as self- determining agents. (Benton 1998). Further more Althussers theories can often relate to functionalism (Swingewood, 2000).
Gramsci was also a strongly influential Marxist thinker. Like Althusser, he rejected economism, but also rejected crude materialism and instead offer a humanist version of Marxism which focused on human subjectivity (Nield & Seed, 1981). He adopted the term hegemony to depict the supremacy of social classaa??a?¢ over others which in essence referred in particular to the bourgeoisie dominance over the working class (Nield & Seed, 1981). As well as hegemony being used as an economic and political tool, he felt it gave the dominant bourgeoisie class the ability to project its own way of viewing the world upon the lower classes who then accept this as common sense and part of life. A key difference between the two Marxist theories is that contrary to Althusser, Gramsci highlights struggle and conf
本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。