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eir mouth. Therefore any necessary surgery should be carried out in as few stages as possible over as short a time as possible. The options available, i.e. local anasthesia, general anaesthesia or local anaesthesia plus intravenous sedation, should be offered to the patient with explanations of the obvious advantages and disadvantages, so that decisions can be made which meet their individual needs.
     The immediate postoperative phase must be closely supervised for the first 2 postoperative months, after which permanent reconstruction work can be started.
     8. Reconstruction
     This phase should included fine adjustment of the occlusion and the provision of permanent restorative and prosthetic work. In the design of restorations, subgingival preparation should be avoided, except perhaps (minimally) on the labial aspect of upper incisors, where appearance is important. Embrasure spaces, allowing easy interdental clearling, are essential. A balanced occlusion should be constructed (Chapter 20).
     Any temporary splints can be removed and the need for permanent splinting can be assessed at this stage.
     It they have not already been made, bite-guards for persistent bruxism can be provided.
     9. Maintenance
     Eternal vigilance is the watchword of successful periodontal treatment and in that sense, periodontal treatment is never complete. Patients require recall for inspection, oral hygiene monitoring and scaling at 3, 6, 9 or 12 month intervals, depending on their previous disease experience and susceptibility. Individual radiographs may have to be repeated if pocket measurements show that disease is progressing.
     One must avoid creating a situation where the patient is totally dependent upon professional care. Some individuals are happy to abdicate responsibility for the state of their mouth to the dentist or hygienist. It is essential to make clear to the patient that in the end the patient must be responsible for his or her own dental health. It is only through a partnership that long-term dental health can be achieved.

VOCABULARY

l. gingivitis 牙龈炎
2. consistency 质地
3. streamlined 流线形的
4. embrasure 楔状隙
5. adolescent 青少年
6. periodontal ligament 牙周韧带
7. embarrasing 困窘的
8. odour 气味
9. gingival recession 牙龄退缩
10. percussion 叩诊
11. suspicious 可疑的
12. obesity 肥胖
13. pallor 苍白
14. grind 研磨
15. erode 腐蚀
16. deviation 偏差
17. hazardous 危险的
18. debility 虚弱
19. aspiration 愿望
20. dexterity 灵活
21. disharmony 失调
22. anticipate 预期
23. interproximal pocket 邻面袋
24. halitosis 口臭
25. scalop 扇贝
26. sluice-way 水槽
27. obliterate 除去
28. crevicular epithelium 沟内上皮
29. volatile 易挥发的
30. exhale 呼出
31. uraemia 尿毒症
32. purulent discharge 溢脓
33. fetor 恶臭
34. appraisal 评价
35. posture 姿势
36. clench 紧闭
37. indentation 缺口，切迹
38. malalignment 排列不齐
39. prognosis 预后
40. crucial 决定性的
41. rigid 严格的
42. drainage 引流
43. scaling 刮治术
44. occlusal adjustment 调合
45. abdicate 放弃
46. impact 嵌塞
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