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Scholars have different focuses on the concepts of thinking quality and criticalthinking,so the definitions are different.This chapter defines the definitions according tothe literature review and the study.Then the research status of critical thinking iselaborated.

1.1.1 Definition of Thinking Quality

In Western countries,thinking quality is discussed and explored by manypsychologists,and the most typical of them are the two scholars,Smirnov and Gilford.

In the middle of the last century,Mr.Smirnov published a book Psychology.In thisbook,the author elaborates on several key points of thinking quality,concluding thedepth and wide degree of thinking,the order and agility of thinking,etc.

Scholar Gilford also had deep thinking and research on psychological quality;heproposed the model of a three-dimensional intelligence structure.The three-dimensionalstructure of intelligence refers to creative thinking,flexible thinking,and divergentthinking.

Chinese scholar Shao Zhifang(2001)also put forward her views on the connotationof quality of thinking.She believes that the quality of thinking is composed of deep,flexible,critical,accurate,agile,open,and creative thinking.Deep quality is the basis ofthinking quality;the rest are based on deep quality.

1.2 Previous Studies on the Cultivation of Critical Thinking in Teaching at Homeand Abroad

The knowledge-based economy and globalization have promoted the skills-basedinternational educational reform movement in the 21st century.Critical thinking skills,asessential 21st-century skills,are increasingly seen as central to individual survival,socialinnovation,and national competitiveness and a symbol of individual freedom and socialprogress(Deng,2017).Increasing numbers of researchers at home and abroad havestarted to pay due attention to cultivating critical thinking ability.

1.2.1 Previous Studies Abroad

Critical thinking theory originated in European and American countries and has beenwell developed abroad.American educator John Dewey was the first to put forward thisconcept,called“Reflective Thinking”It is interpreted as introspective thinking.Hebelieved analysis,understanding,judgment,and synthesis are fundamental elements ofgood introspective thinking.He demanded people learn critical reflection,which hedefines as“actively,stringently and carefully examining any belief or knowledge and coming to their judgment.”The most significant thing about this definition is“probablyjustified support.”Dewey’s research results have laid a solid foundation for studyingcritical thinking.In the mid-1940s,Edward Glaser published Experimental Research onthe Development of Critical Thinking in the United States.Based on psychologicalresearch,he studied the effect of the cultivation of critical thinking on students’psychological thinking.He believed that the purpose of education should also include thecultivation of students’critical thinking.After that,more scholars began to pay moreattention to critical thinking.They conducted more specific and in-depth discussions andresearch on it from different perspectives,su本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。