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The current demand for the development of critical thinking mainly includes twoaspects.First,the cultivation of critical thinking is the requirement of internationalEducation reporting.OECD published a research report in 2012,which mentioned thatstudents in the 21st century must acquire core competencies such as critical thinking,problem solving,decision-making,information processing,communication andcooperation(Schleicher,2012).The report pointed out that critical thinking skillshave become one of the core skills that students in the 21st century must master,andthe cultivation of critical thinking skills has gradually attracted the attention ofscholars in different countries.According to The Research Report on the 5C model of21st Century core competence(Chinese version)2018,critical thinking is proposed asone of the core competencies in the 21st century(Wei et al.,2020).As a corecompetency and an important goal of education in the 21st century,the cultivation ofstudents'critical thinking has become a top priority in many countries and regions.Second,the cultivation of critical thinking is the need for English subject corecompetencies.The English Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education(2022Edition),referred to as'The Curriculum Standards(2022)',aims to help studentsdevelop students'core competencies consisting of four aspects:language ability,cultural awareness,thinking capacity and learning ability.Among these aspects,improving the quality of thinking is of utmost importance,which helps students torecognize,analyze and solve problems and assess things correctly(Mao,Liu&Lin,2022).The quality of thinking in The Curriculum Standards(2022)includes fivedimensions:profundity,flexibility,creativity,criticalness and agility.

1.2 Research Objectives

Although a number of studies have examined the effectiveness of PBL Englishreading instruction in developing students'critical thinking,certain shortcomingsshould be noted.First,the effects of problem-based English reading instruction onhigh school students'critical thinking have not been adequately studied.Second,previous researchers have integrated PBL into English instruction primarily toimprove students'critical thinking dispositions,rather than to improve students'critical thinking skills and English reading performance.Third,previous studies failedto determine whether the changes in students'critical thinking skills were related totheir English proficiency after the PBL teaching method was used in the classroom.

In response to the shortcomings of previous researches,the aims of this thesis arethreefold.To begin with,the study will verify effectiveness and feasibility of PBLmethod on cultivating junior high school students'critical thinking skills in Englishreading class.Besides,this study will explore the efficacy of PBL method anddetermine whether PBL method can improve junior high school students'Englishreading performance in the teaching of English reading.Finally,the study is to furtherclarify whether the development of junior high school students'critical thinking skillsis related to students'English levels.

Chapter Two Literature Review

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