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prefer cooked food andwill raid houses and shops to get it. Sometimes the mon-keys even snatch food from people and are then chased andbeaten for their boldness. In contrast, the forest dwellerssettle in a different tree each night and eat raw food. Theyare shy and run away when people come near.City monkeys prefer cities despite, or perhaps becauseof, the constant need to be alert, shrewd, and aggressiveto survive there. If they are taken to a forest and let go,they hurry back to the city.[12]

这篇文章主要讲述了科学家通过研究城里的猴子和乡下的猴子在生活习性上的不同,从而为理解人类行为提供帮助,文章认为乡下的猴子胆子小,怕见人,喜欢把自己藏起来;而城里的猴子成群聚居,胆子大得多,也只有这样它们才能够得以生存。文章共有十四个主位,依次排序如下:T1the study of animal behavior→T2and to under-stand each other→T3most people→T4how has city living→T5hints of the answer to this question→T6in India they→T7great differences in behavior→T8in the city, mon-keys→T9they→T10sometimes the monkeys→T11in con-trast, the forest dwellers→T12they→T13city monkeys→T14if they are taken to a forest and let go, they我们可以看出从T1到T4,主位呈直线延续,即后一个的主位分别是前一个的述位;之后从T5到T6也是直线延续模式;接下来T7→R7,R7派生了两个主位:T8in the city, monkeys和T11in contrast, the forestdwellers,很明显,这就是科学家研究对比的两种猴子,后一句的主位由前一句的述位派生而来,因此T11→R11也应归为直线延续模式。接下来的“T8,T9和T10”,“T11和T12”,“T13,T14和T8”,它们都属于主位同一模式。在这种主位推进模式中,T13,T14和T8都是指城里的猴子,虽然中间夹杂了对乡下猴子的介绍,但属于同一语义场,所以应该归为主位同一模式。主位同一模式是归纳推理,而直线延续模式则为演绎推理,主位同一模式常和直线延续模式交叉使用,可以起到修辞的作用。　　

按照上面的分析,整个语篇的主位推进模式如下:T1→R1T2(=R1)→R2T3(=R2)→R3T4(=R3)→R4T5→R5T6(=R5)→R6T7→R7T8(=R7)→R8T9(=T8)→R9T10(=T8)→R10T11(=R7)→R11T12(=T11)→R12T13(=T8)→R13T14(=T8)→R14全篇围绕着城里的猴子和乡下的猴子在生活特性上的差异进行讨论。通过主位和述位的切分,我们会发现文章使用最多的是直线延续模式,共用了6次,占42·9%的比例;其次是主位同一模式,用了5次,占35·7%。由此可见,作者在写这篇文章时,大多是从上一句述位或述位中包含的一部分内容中选择某个成分作为下一句的起点,其余则基本上是围绕着同一个话题展开,这样的推进模式使文章脉络更为清晰,更易于读者理解。主位推进模式能体现整篇文章的框架,在客观地记录主位和述位的情况后,我们就可以进一步探讨句际间的语义联系,这种分析有助于掌握语篇内各句间的内在联系。

T2与R1是重现关系(and to understand each other→to understand each other)T3与R2是等值关系(most people =…all of us)T4与R3是同义关系(how has city living =…citylife)T5是对T4的回答和交代(hints of the answer tothis question→how has city living)T6与R5是等值关系(in India they = the case ofrhesus monkeys…)T7是对T6的进一步说明和比较(great differencesin behavior→in India they)R7是T11与T8的上义关系(the forest dwellers和the city monkeys是these monkeys and the rhesus monkeysthat live in forests的组成部分)T11与T10是反义关系(in contrast, the forestdwellers→sometimes the monkeys)T12本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。