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earners have difficulty in understanding thesisrequirement, finding References, and expressing complex ideas in formal writtenEnglish, and they do not find the writing process rewarding (Sun, 2004). What's more,the overall quality of English RA writing of English majors in China is generally low,and plagiarism is often found in their RAs (Zhu，2003). This phenomenon is notmerely caused by the students' inadequate language proficiency. An important reasonis that students haven't really understood the social communicative purposes of RAsduring their RA writing processes. The primary communicative purpose of RAs is tocontribute new knowledge to a certain research field by supporting an idea orproviding a solution to one certain problem, or by proposing a new thought, with theresearchers in the academic discourse community as the target audience. Krashen(2011: 382) describes this kind of traditional approach as “a hopeless endeavor,，，because only a few of the most basic aspects of academic language can be consciouslylearned. The discourse and grammar of academic language are quite complex and challenging for the professional readers to understand, let alone students. Even ifstudents were able to learn the complex rules, there isn't a complete description ofacademic language, since academic research is ever-changing and so does thelanguage describing it.
The skills required for successful RA writing go beyond the linguistic forms. RAwriting is a type of writing that is concerned with academic research in one way oranother. What is academic research? Nunan (1992) defined research as a systematicprocess of inquiry consisting of three elements or components; 1) a question, problemor hypothesis, 2) data, and 3) analysis and interpretation of the data. In other words,research is a systematic study which can be conducted in order to obtain evidence,data, etc. to support one's approach or suggest solutions to a difficulty. Therefore, howto think in a scientific way and display knowledge appropriately by using the requiredlinguistic forms flexibly are the essentials of RA writing.

Chapter Two Research Article^ Writing Competence

2.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the three components of research article writingcompetence: 1) discourse structure of an RA, 2) academic language, and 3) scientificthinking and reasoning. Discourse structure of an RA is analyzed from "moves" inIMRAD (introduction, method, results and discussion) structure, which is commonlyused as the frame in scientific article writing. The analysis of linguistic features (heremainly refers to syntactic-lexical-semantic features) of academic language adoptsSnow and Uccelli (2009)inventory of features of academic language as the mainframework. Scientific thinking and reasoning analyses the major aspects of scientificthinking that have been frequently used in social sciences: defining the key concepts,problem formulation and solution, theory conceptualization, hypothesis testing,statistical reasoning, causal reasoning, inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, andsynthetic reasoning. The representations of scientific thinking and reasoning in RAwriting are also presented.

Chapter Three Literature Review ............73-103
    3.1 Introduction ...........73-74
    3.2 Related Studies Concerning Academic...........74-78
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