英语论文网

so manifested in warfare, the arts, education, and social conduct (including everything from politics to chariot racing, to public bath houses). Urban planning is an example of technology being directly applied to many cultural contexts, as it is driven by the needs of a culture. Greek cities utilized urban planning to emphasize buildings that had public use. (Chant, 65) The best example of classic urban planning is Miletus, which was built around two harbors with designated residential areas. (Chant, 61) In the development of city plans, many comities were involved, but most importantly an oracle was always consulted and never forgotten in the physical layout of the city, with temples and shrines strategically located. 

In Mesoamerica, the Mayan's were also developing architecture with a central theme of deities. Citizens lived in simple dwellings, but the corbel arch was, a signature Mayan structure, was designed the way that it was to honor the gods. (Ehrlich, 341) 

The materials used in developing architecture gave way to trade and a growing economy. The manipulation of bronze, iron and even pottery all contributed to developing strong trade routes between nations. With trade came money and as the economy flourished a class system developed and commodity was born. Technology was driven not only by need and religion, but also by commodity. 

The Chinese originally developed gunpowder for religious ceremonies, using it primarily in fireworks, but understood its potential use in warfare. Their culture however, did not want or demand its uses. It wasn't until the westerners began to use it in warfare that it quickly and massively spread around the globe. (Ehrlich) 

In the case of the Inuits we are given the example of a technology being applied to a culture. Seal is a major component of the Inuit diet. When hunting seals, in order to be able to pull them out of the water after they had been killed, the Inuits used spears with cords attached to hunt them. When they obtained firearms and began hunting the seals with bullets, they lost most of their kills because the seals immediately sank. In this case, the Inuit culture adapted to and was dictated by technology, but it was not their own. (Ehrlich, 220) 

Fundamentally, culture is responsible for the development of technology, there are however; exceptions to the rule. 

Works Cited: 

Chant, Colin, 'Chapter 2: Greece' in Pre-industrial Cities and Technology, Routledge 
Press, 1999, pp. 48-80. 

Ehrlich, Paul R., 'Ch.11: Gods, Dive-Bombers, and Bureaucracy' in Human Natures: 
Genes Cultures, and the Human Prospect, Island Press, 2000, pp. 253-279. 

Ponting, Clive. A Green History of the World. New York: St. Martin's Press. 199 
本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。