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lation skills.
In languages, people embellish their speech or writing with references to characters or events from their history, legends, literature, religion, etc. In English, “to move heaven and earth” cannot mean “翻天覆地，惊天动地” but “千方百计，不遗余力”; “to talk horses” doesn’t refer to “谈论马”，rather than“吹牛” in Chinese. For instance, in the sentence “John can be relied on；he eats no fish and plays the games”(约翰为人可靠，他既忠诚又正直), there are two idioms “to eat no fish” and “to play the game”. If the translator has no idea about them, then the sentence can be ridiculously translated as “他一向不吃鱼而且经常玩游戏”.
The same reasoning applies to allusions in Chinese. In Chinese,“你这个人真阿Q” or “她是个林黛玉式的人物” conveys so much information that hardly any further explanation is needed. But such allusions are not always easy to understand, and without understanding there can be little appreciation. If one has never read Lu Xun’s The True Story of Ah Q, he would be at a loss to understand the remark about Ah Q. And know the plot of A Dream of Red Mansions a little is difficult to appreciate the reference to“林黛玉”，the heroine of the story.
Many English allusions involve events or characters from Bible and Greek and Roman mythology, such as “Achilles heel（唯一致命弱点）”、 meet ones waterloo（一败涂地）、Penelopes web（永远完不成的工作）、a Pandoras box（潘多拉的盒子，指灾难、麻烦、祸害的根源）”. Another primary source is the works of English literature, especially from Shakespeare. Many lines and characters from his plays are cited commonly in everyday English. As calling a person“猪八戒”in Chinese means he is similar in many ways to that crude, pleasure-seeking, often erratic but sometimes lovable pig in the novel Pilgrimage to the West, so alluding to a person as a Romeo implies a handsome young man, passionate, dashing (from Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet). In translating these terms, restituting and interpretation may be combined.

3.2 Different Geographical and Regional Environments
Due to regional segregation and different living environment, different nationalities have their own peculiar cultures under different natural environment. The cultural connotation of words and things differs from one culture to another. The differences in living environment find their expressions in using the idioms as well. Idioms have close relation with people’s life closely.
Britain is an island country enclosed by the sea. The English people mainly engaged in commercial activities very early on the ocean and the English people usually connected what they saw and thought with their experiences on the ocean and thus plenty of their proverbs and sayings related to the sea ,such ad “all at sea (茫然不知所措)” ; “drink like a fish (牛饮)”;”fish in the air (水中捞月)” ; “give up the ship (放弃)”; whereas China is a country with large land areas and the Chinese people involved mainly in agricultural activities from early times. When two languages refer to the same concept, they employ different expressions. The English describes that some one “spends money too recklessly” by “spend money like water” whereas the Chinese will say “挥金如土”. There is proverb in Chinese“前车之鉴 后事之师”，but in English, it is “Let another’s shipwreck by your seamark.”; the Chinese people use a proverb“未雨绸缪”(turn up the soil and fix the window before it rains) to express the meaning “making preparation beforehand in normal times”, while its English version is “while it is fine weather mend your sail”. Moreover, there are many idioms on boats a本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。