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本文是一篇英语翻译论文，本文是一篇英语翻译论文，本报告有助于从宏观上进一步认识人类的社会性，从微观上理性看待家庭以及帮助非经济学专业的读者丰富知识储备。译者希望，本篇报告能够为后续类似的文本翻译提供一定的参考价值。

Chapter 1 Introduction to the Translation Project

1.1 Text Selection

The source text for this translation project is excerpted from Why and HowHumans Trade,Predict,Aggregate and Innovate,published by Springer in 2022.Thebook contains six chapters.The translator selects the first two sections of Chapter 4“Aggregating:Humans Are Social Animals”as translation material.Since itspublication,there has been no Chinese translation of the book.The source text of thistranslation project is about 7,200 words in English,and about 12,000 characters inChinese translation.

For most people,the word economy is both familiar and unfamiliar.As for theso-called familiar,since the birth of mankind,people have been carrying outeconomic activities.Nowadays,we live in the era of economic globalization.Theeconomic ties between countries in the world are increasingly close,and variouseconomic activities are increasingly frequent.As for the so-called unfamiliar,inaddition to students and professionals in economics,most people are unfamiliar withthe principles of economics.

The author of this book,Maurizio Bovi,a former economic and financial adviserto the Italian government,is currently an adjunct professor of economics at theSapienza University of Rome,National Institute of Statistics.As an economist,Dr.Bovi elaborates and analyzes the economic principles behind why and how humanstrade,predict,aggregate and innovate.

1.2 Text Type and Features

Peter Newmark classified“natural science,science and technology,industrial and commercial economy”texts as informative texts.This type of text aims to providereaders with complete and clear information about people or things in objective andstandardized language,and is committed to conveying a certain point of view orinformation.The translation of such texts should follow three principles:faithfulness,accuracy and preciseness.The source text of this translation report is informative.Theauthor,a professor of economics at the Sapienza University of Rome and a formereconomic adviser to the Italian government,has a profound understanding ofeconomics.From the perspective of economics,Professor Bovi explains why and howhumans trade,predict,aggregate and innovate.

The source text is logically rigorous,and the language is plain and natural,which ismainly reflected in the lexical and syntactic levels.At the lexical level,there are manyprofessional terms and abstract nouns in the source text,which brings greatdifficulties to translation.Some economic and statistical terms need to be annotatedand explained,such as Malthusian,Added Worker Effect and Replacement LevelUtility.The author is good at using certain verbs and nouns to describe specificeconomic behaviors,which need to be understood and explained.As for the syntacticlevel,the source text varies in forms and lengths.Long and short sentences areinterlaced.Short sentences are mainly imperative,non-subject and passive sentences,while long sentences are mainly noun clauses.

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