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        在以前，翻译历来被认为是一种语言活动进行文本。美国翻译理论家玛丽亚Tymoczko教授曾指出，“作为一种语言艺术，翻译通常被认为是从永恒的语言规则”。翻译工作者关注的源文本和目标文本的比较研究。因此，传统的翻译可以说是面向文本。但事实上，语言不是一个孤立的现象，而是文化的一个组成部分，翻译不仅是单纯的语言转换过程，但它也涉及不同文化的语言表达。翻译与文化息息相关，互相离不开。而且，随着人类文明的进步，不同民族之间的交流变得越来越频繁。
        In previous, translation has traditionally been thought to be a mere linguistic activity performed on texts. American translation theorist Maria Tymoczko has once noted, “As a language art, translation has often been considered from the viewpoint of timeless linguistic rules UK ” (25). Translators paid great attention to the comparative study of the source text and the target text. So, traditional translation can be said to be text-oriented. But as a matter of fact, language is not an isolated phenomenon but an integral part of culture, and translating is not only the transformation process of mere words, but it also involves the different cultures languages convey. Translation and culture are closely bound up and inseparable from each other. And, with the progress of civilization, communication among different nations becomes more and more frequent. Traditional translation can’t meet the need of our times. So, since the 1950s, traditional translation view has been changed. Translation is no longer viewed as a mere transformation of linguistic signs from one language into another. It is more of a cultural phenomenon. “Some translation theorists like Lambert and Robyn, view translation as identical to culture communication, which is conceived not as a static phenomenon but instead as the endless translation of signs into other signs” (Gentzler 186 https://www.51lunwen.org/ukessay/ ). And Susan Bassnett and Lefevere approved her proposal as “momentous”, marking a “cultural turn” for translation study (151). The former established connotation of translation was reinterpreted: from linguistic rendition to cultural translation, more importance is attached to the culturally oriented approach than the linguistically oriented approach. 

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