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ser, each ofthem cancreateno morethan six groups. Groups canbe searched bytheir ID’sor names andother users canjoin the group upon theapproval bythe administrator, i.e.the group creator. QQ limits the group sizeby100, 200,500,and 1000, also depending ontheactiveness of thegroup creator. Forexample, according tothe latestrule of Tencent, auser with level 0(theactiveness islessthan 5)cancreate onlyone group (thelimit ofgroup sizeis200), and auser withlevel 48(the activeness ishigher than 2496) cancreate 5 groups(the limits are 200for one ofthe groupsand 500for theother 4groups). Otherthan personal relationships, somegroups are formed bymemberswith common interests,e.g. movies,or belongto thesame organizations, e.g.universities or companies. The latters are usually exclusive socialcircles based on physical organizations.
Thetermsocialcapitalrefersto‘thefeaturesofsocialorganization,suchasnetworks, norms, and social trust that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit’. Since the notion of social capital has been applied to the study of diverse phenomena such as the advent of TV and the company environment, many researchers have shown that social capital enhances professional practice and improves the ability of knowledge collection within a society. Social capital has been conceptualized as having structural, cognitive, and relational dimensions. They focus on the creation of intellectual capital along with these three dimensions: (1) network ties, network configuration, and appropriable organization as the structural dimension; (2) shared vision into shared codes and language and shared narratives as the cognitive dimension; and (3) trust, norms, obligations, and identifications as the relational dimension. Likewise, in virtual networks, they specify that structural capital stands for a collective’s ability to centralize individual action in a collective work. Cognitive capital, which is comprised of self-rated expertise and tenure in the field, provides shared meanings within a group. Relational capital refers to identification within the group, trust in others, and commitment to participate in the collective behavior based on the cooperative norms and trustworthiness. Upon considering the particular cultural features found among users in China and on QQ’s channels, one can see that QQ users’ social relationships illustrate well the emotional and cultural aspects relative to their engagements. Most of QQ’s users’ prize peer-to-peer recommendations, maintain friendship, or follow opinion leaders by sharing information, while others take a leading role as opinionated users in creating content to attract large personal followings. The level of QQ membership of a group indicates the frequency of its interactions. Aseven-crownlevelQQgroup(inwhichonly432usersexist)hasearned11,520points scored by sending or posting messages, visiting Qzone, uploading or downloading digital files, creating approved online activities, making comments on messages or pictures, and voting. Because of the diversity and integration among all channels in QQ, its social capital has its own unique characteristics, which have seldom been noted in previous studies. Due to their collectivistic culture rooted in Confucianism, China’s social-media users tend to focus on their group memberships and relationships to construct their identities and experience a sense of belonging through social media. Chinese social-media本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。