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The factors led western Europeans to encounter and conquer the New World are economic factor, social factor, religion factor, overseas market factor, productive factor and so on.
Firstly, the Economic root: in the 14th and 15th century, along with the development of commodity economy and the sprout of capitalism production 代写英国论文relation. Europeans urged to expand foreign market and to develop foreign trade, and to obtain the precious metal of gold which can make money.

Secondly, the Social root: Marco Polo wrote the book which describes the eastern countries’ rich and the land route connecting Europe and Asia to spread Silk, Tea and spices, which caused the people to eager for the Asian countries, and European wanted to the Asia to achieve gold dream.

Thirdly, the direct reason: in the middle of the 15th century, the Ottoman Turks occupy the eastern Mediterranean area, it control the port between east and west. Western people want to open a new route round of the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

Fourthly, the enthusiasm of spreading Catholic religion encourages people to throw themselves into the vast ocean, seek the new route to the east.

Fifthly, productivity progress. Portugal and Spain have established the autocratic monarchy, rulers of the regime actively support overseas adventure activities, European maritime technology and shipbuilding technology development and geographical knowledge create the necessary conditions of the voyage. Christopher Columbus encountered with the Tainos, the native people on the island of San Salvador, in October of 1492. Columbus's landfall in the Caribbean signaled the beginning of the transformative impact European cultures would have on the New World and its inhabitants. Francisco Pizarro, as a Spanish conquistador conquers the Incan Empire and founder of Lima, the modern-day capital of Peru. The Portuguese prince Henry “the Navigator” also advocates exploring oversea lands. Henry the Navigator was the third child of King John I of Portugal, the founder of the Aviz dynasty, and of Philippa of Lancaster, the daughter of John of Gaunt. Henry encouraged his father to conquer Ceuta (1415), the Muslim port on the North African coast across the Straits of Gibraltar from the Iberian peninsula, with profound consequences on Henry's worldview: Henry became aware of the profit possibilities in the Saharan trade routes that terminated there and became fascinated with Africa in general; he was most intrigued by the Christian legend of Prester John and the expansion of Portuguese trade.
2. Independence
3.Debating the Peculiar Institution, Antebellum Slavery
4. https://www.51lunwen.org/uk/Westward Movement and its Consequences

In a word, in the process of westward expansion, the north and the south is apart, because they have different productive methods, their social basis is also different, in the process, the south abolishes the slavery system, and the north constructs its economic basis.