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ABSTRACT
Individuals 英国留学生心理学课程论文 regulate their emotions in a wide variety of ways. Are some forms of emotion regulation healthier than others? We focus on two commonly used emotion regulation strategies: reappraisal(changing the way one thinks about a potentially emotion-eliciting event)and suppression (changing the way one responds behaviorally to an emotion-eliciting event). In the first section, we review experimental findingsshowing that reappraisal has a healthier profile of short-term affective,cognitive, and social consequences than suppression. In the second section,we review individual-difference findings, which show that usingreappraisal to regulate emotions is associated with healthier patternsof affect, social functioning, and well-being than is using suppression.In the third section, we consider issues in the development of reappraisaland suppression and provide new evidence for a normative shifttoward an increasingly healthy emotion regulation profile during adulthood(i.e., increases in the use of reappraisal and decreases in the use ofsuppression).
In the extensive literature on emotion, two rather different perspectiveshave emerged. Are emotions irrational forces that unleash destructive thoughts and impulses (Young, 1943)? Or do emotionsrepresent the ‘‘wisdom of the ages’’ (Lazarus, 1991b, p. 820), whichsuccessfully shepherd us through life’s challenging moments? Bothperspectives, we believe, have some merit. Sometimes emotions aredestructive, and sometimes they are helpful. The challenge is to findways of regulating our emotions so that we retain their helpful featureswhile limiting their destructive aspects.
We have addressed this challenge in our research by focusing ontwo common forms of emotion regulation: Cognitive reappraisal involveschanging the way the individual thinks about a potentiallyemotion-eliciting situation in order to modify its emotional impact;expressive suppression involves reducing emotion-expressive behavioronce the individual is already in an emotional state.
In the introduction to this article, we briefly review our generalmodel of emotion regulation and define the two specific emotionregulation strategies that have been the major focus of our research.The three sections that follow focus on substantive findings regardingthese two strategies. The first section reviews experimental findingsthat shed light on the short-term consequences of reappraisaland suppression in the laboratory. In the second section, we reviewrecent individual-difference studies that demonstrate the longer-termoutcomes associated with using reappraisal and suppression in everydaylife. In the third section, we consider the development of reappraisaland suppression, and provide new data suggesting thatemotion regulation undergoes important changes even after earlyadulthood. We conclude by considering the implications of this workfor psychological and physical health more generally, and point toseveral key directions for future research on emotion regulation.

REFERENCES
Arnold, M. (1960). Emotion and personality. New York: Columbia University
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Ayduk, O., Mendoza-Denton, R., Mischel, W., Downey, G., Peake, P. K., & Rodriguez, M. (2000). Regulating the interpersonal self: Strategic self-regulation for coping with rejection sensitivity. Journal of Personality and Soci本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。