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论文作者:英语论文网论文属性:议论文 Argument Essay登出时间:2012-07-03编辑:dawm_zhong点击率:6699
论文字数:7497论文编号:org201207031228334907语种:英语 English地区:英国价格:免费论文
关键词:Non SteroidalAnti Inflammatory Drugseffects
摘要:The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used most commonly, compare with all other drugs. They are mainly used to treat postoperative, dental, and menstrual pain and pain of headache and migraine.
They also used to treat symptoms of pain and swelling in chronic joints disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, and in more inflammatory conditions such as sport injuries, fractures, sprains and other soft tissue injuries. Most of the NSAIDs are available over the counter without prescription and most commonly used to treat miner headache and pains. They are also available in many dosage forms such as tablets, pill, capsule,drinkorsyrup injections and gels. There are a lot of unwanted side effects related to NSAIDs, most commonly in young children and old people. However the new remedies have fewer unpleasant effects.
Pharmacological action
One of the major beneficial effect of NSAIDs is antipyretic effect; these drugs effectivly reduce high temperature cause by disease i.e. fever. Other useful effects include anti inflammatory effect; they cause change in inflammatory reaction. They also have analgesic effect which means they reduce certain types of inflammatory pain caused by disease.
On the other hand NSAIDs have certain unwanted mechanical based side effects. They are one of the main cause of extended bleeding as they inhibit the platelets action in blood, they are also involve in stomach disorders which include Gastric irritations and it could lead to simple certain miner problems in stomach to ulcer formation. They also cause renal blood flow in the compromised kidney.
Signaling pathways and Mechanisms of action
Cyclooxygenase(COX)
Cycloocygenase (COX) is enzyme which involve in synthesis of important biological mediators calledprostanoids, such as prostaglandins, prostacyclinand thromboxane. COX are inhibited by NSAIDs such as aspirin and ibuprofen to provide relief from symptoms of inflammation and pain. COX are used to convert arachidonic acidto prostaglandin.
COX enzyme have two active sites on their structure; heam with peroxide activity it is mainly responsible for reduction of PGG2to PGH2 and the other site is cyclooxygenase site, this is the site where arachidonic acid is converted into the hydroperoxy endoperoxide prostaglandin G2(PGG2).英语论文网
There are three main type of COX isoenzyyme which include COX-1, COX-2 and COX-3. COX-1 and COX-3 are quite similar in structure.
Different parts of the body contain different amount of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. They have similar function but different in terms of side effects, where COX-1 is the most common enzyme found in all mammalian cells.
Pharmacology
COX-1 and COX-2 are closely related in terms of molecular weight, amino acid sequence and catalytic sites. However one major difference is the substitution ofisoleucineat position 523 inCOX-1withvalineinCOX-2. The smaller residue in COX-2 allows access to a hydrophobic side pocket in enzyme. Therefore active ingredients from drug bind to this site and act as selective inhibitors.
The major COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs). All most all the NSAIDs have different actions but they all depend on basic action of drug, https://www.51lunwen.org/ukthesis/ which involves inhibiting the COX enzyme and therefore inhibition of production of enzyme prostaglandins. The two main type of COX enzyme are COX-1 and COX-2. These two enzymes are very similar in their function but they have some certain differences in role and expression.
COX-1 is one of the most com本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。