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1. Introduction
On July 17 1996, a Trans World Airlines Boeing 747 (TWA Flight 800) 1 tragically exploded in mid-air and plummeted into the Atlantic Ocean near East Moriches, New York. The US National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) determined that the probable cause of the accident was an explosion of the center wing tank (CWT),resulting from ignition of the flammable fuel/air mixture in the tank [1]. The tragedy of that flight has since initiated extensive examination of the problems related to the flammability of fuel vapor in the CWT of aircraft. The US Federal Aviation Administration and NTSB have since sponsored research to study fuel vapor characteristics in CWT for various in-flight conditions [2–6]. Early studies in aircraft fuel tank explosion and fire hazard assessment can be found, for example, in Ref. [7].

1 引言

七月十七日1996，一个环球航空公司的波音747（TWA航班800）1是在半空中爆炸坠落到大西洋附近海域东Moriches，纽约。美国国家运输安全委员会（NTSB）确定事故的可能原因是中央翼油箱爆炸（CWT），从罐中的[ 1 ]的可燃燃料/空气混合物点火导致]。悲剧的航班已经开始对燃油蒸气在飞机的CWT的可燃性相关问题的广泛的检查。美国联邦航空管理局和国家运输安全委员会已经发起的研究在各种飞行条件下连续2–[ 6 ]燃料气特性。早期的研究在飞机油箱爆炸和火灾危险性评估可以发现，例如，在文献[ 7 ]。

In this paper, we apply vapor–liquid equilibrium thermodynamics to examine the fuel vapor concentration in the fuel tank ullage and hope to provide a theoretical framework to understand the fuel vapor behavior in the tank. Our primary focus is to study the effect of fuel mass loading in the tank on the fuel vapor concentration in the ullage since fuel mass loading is an important factor in determining the vapor composition in the ullage [2,3,8]. The present study differs from previous work [3,7], in that detailed vapor–liquid equilibrium calculations are performed without resorting to the assumption of ideality in either or both phases (liquid or/and vapor). The experimental measurements from two recent studies [2,4] are used to compare with the thermodynamic calculations.

在本文中，我们应用蒸汽液平衡的热力学研究–燃料箱中的燃料蒸气浓度损耗并希望了解油箱中的燃油蒸气的行为提供了一个理论框架。我们的主要重点是研究燃料质量负荷坦克的燃料蒸气的浓度在损耗由于燃料质量加载效应是在损耗[ ]确定2,3,8蒸汽组成的一个重要因素。本研究不同于以前的工作[3,7]，在详细的气相–液平衡进行计算，而不诉诸或两阶段理想的假设（液体或蒸汽）。从最近的两项研究[ 4 ]实验是用来测量与计算比较。

2. Analysi s
As a first step toward a comprehensive assessment of fuel tank fire and explosion hazards, we examine a situation wherein an initially empty fuel tank with a volume Vt is charged with a known amount of fuel ( M_f) or known volume ( V_f) data temperature T and a pressureP: Since the fuel tank is not evacuated before refueling, air is always present in the tank. We want to calculate the fuel vapor concentration and the mass ratio of fuel/air in the ullage as a function of the tank temperature. In the analysis, the fuel vapor is assumed to be at equilibrium with the liquid fuel at the prevailing temperature. This conservativeassumption is considered acceptable for all phases of the flight [8]. No venting of fuel vapor from the tank and no fuel consumption are considered in the present analysis, that is, the fuel tank is treated as a closed system, and the amount of fuel in the tank is constant. In addition, it is assumed that there is no spatial variation in fuel vapor concentration in the ullage. Jet-A is a complex mixture of hydrocarbon fluids including branched and linear alkanes, alkenes, cycloalk本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。