摘要:英语委婉语,这是一种间接提到一些采用委婉表达不快,是以一种语言作为了一种文化现象的表达。随着社会经济的发展,特别是在跨文化交际中,委婉用法的委婉语是最重要的部分。本文对此进行了一番论述
BR>1.2.1Indirect and Implicit
The most important character of euphemism is indirect and implicit. Euphemism always gives people hints in a roundabout way. We can infer the deeper meaning and intention from the context.
1.2.2 Universality
Universality is something that is well-known and accepted by all of the people. Though euphemism is indirect and it doesn’t come straight to the point, people can easily infer its deeper implication. Some taboos connected with sex, death, or body functions are replaced by euphemisms. And the public has accepted this kind of use.
1.2.3 The Feature of Times
The changes of language depend on the need and changes of the society. And euphemism undergoes a process of metabolism. It bears a marked brand of times.
1.2.4 Regional Feature
There are two causes of regional differences. First is a regional cultural difference. In different regions, the culture there will effect the development of euphemism. Second is the difference of geographic environments.
1.2.5 Diversity of Lingual Region
Someone thinks that only upper and middle class use euphemism. But this conclusion is too absolute. We can analyze it from three aspects:
The difference of gender and age usually influence the choice of the synonyms of euphemism.
Difference of profession or identity also plays an important part. Euphemism changes while the profession and identity change. This is a synchrony variation.
Difference of style or context is another aspect. Euphemism is restricted by the context. For example, “On the 14th of March, at a quarter to three in the afternoon, the greatest living thinker ceased to think. (F. Engels, Speech at the Graveside of Karl Marx)” This example involves the passing away of a great man. And the phrase “ceased to think” echoes “thinker”. This euphemism produces a good effect.
2 Functions of English Euphemisms in Intercultural Communication
Like a kind of lubrication, euphemism enables people to express what cannot be uttered directly and ensures communication to be carried smoothly. It is a language
strategy in civilized society and it has many social functions. (胡壮麟,姜望琪.语言教学教程,2004)
A full knowledge of euphemism can avoid embarrassment in communication with multi-background people, which means it’s very essential for everyone to know euphemisms of different countries well. In the meantime, if we can comprehend its functions skillfully, we will make use of it in a more proper way. In the following paragraphs we will talk something about the social values of euphemism.
2.1 Taboo Function
Taboo is the main psychological basis of the emergence of euphemism. Euphemism is the avoidance of the unpleasant, inelegant things. Generally speaking, the coming into being of euphemism all begins from taboo. From the origin of euphemism, we can see that taboo is the first function of euphemism. Euphemism has been using for a long time, and it is closely related to taboo. When people try to avoid and give up taboo words, they have to find another word to replace this vacancy at the same time. Hence, people created euphemism. The evading function of euphemism also works today. Some taboo notions cannot be easily removed from people’s mind.
2.2 Polite Function
Polite function of euphemism is to avoid inelegant things and make people feel pleasant. It means that in real life, when people meet with some unpleasant things or behaviors, they usually choose some vag
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