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eruption of a volcano. In this situation, labor and lands are reduced by 50% at the same time, while the short-term income per capita will not change according to the income formula. Nevertheless, in the long run, the total population will increase and the ruined lands will be reclaimed, that is to say, in a broader sense, the velocity of population growth is always higher than that of the lands’ reclamation, which accounts for the decrease of the long-term income.
 
iv. There is a technological advance (or perhaps a public health programme) which reduces
death rates

Population’s expansion leads to the stable condition of the revenue per capita in the short term , however, in the long run, the revenue per capital will decline.
The development in terms of the technology won’t do a great change to the size of the total population and the income per capita in the short term. However, in a long term, the decrease of death rate will result in the increase of the population. The Improvement here can be interpreted as something similar to a public health care plan which will not add the income. Hence, the income per capita in the long term decreases due to the increase of population.

v. A change in cultural attitudes towards parenthood means that for a given income, people now want to have more children than they formerly had.

Population increases, which attributes to the steady condition of the revenue per capita in the short run and to the declining of it in the long term.
Since the income is fixed and the fluctuations in population will be small in a short run, the increase in the growth rate of people will result for the growth of the population in the long term. In that case of a fixed income and a growing population,  the long-term income per capita declines.

(b) The equation that relates the population growth rate, n, to income per capita, y = Y /L, is
n(y)=
Let T be the total quantity of land in the economy, which is fixed. The function that relates
land per capita and income per capita is
y=A( )
where A is a measure of productivity.
i. Suppose A is constant. What will the steady-state level of income per capita be?
Hypothesize a fixed A, the only two factors that have an influence on the income per capita are the proportion of lands and the population. At the very beginning, the area of the lands seems to be unlimited compared with the number of the population. With this result, along with the growth of the population, people are prone to be more scattered according to the increase of the lands, which in turn results in the income’s rising in this stage. However, with more and more lands reclaimed, there are no longer adequate spare lands for the growing population and the production per capita decreases, so does the income per capita owing to the growth resulting from the more input of labor force at the very beginning begins to decline. To conclude, if the population is allowed to continues to escalate, the growing population will leads to starvation and starvation will in turn cause the reduction of the population in that way. We call it Steady-state equilibrium in population when the foods supplies can only sustain people’s survival.

ii. Now suppose A grows at 10% per year. What will be the steady-state level of income per capita? Explain what is going on. the steady-state level of income per capita will increase
Assume that A increases by 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。