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在医学英语中,定语从句大量出现,应用极广。定语从句常由who, whom, whose,which, that, as等关系代词或when, where, why等关系副词引导,用来修饰主句中的某个名词或代词,有时也能修饰主句的一部分或整个句子。这些关系代词或副词一方面引出从句,另一方面又在从句中充当一定的句子成份。在主句中被定语从句修饰的部分称为先行词。请看下面例句:1. Every patient with valvular or congenital heart diseases who develops an obscure feverfor more than a few daysshould be suspected.[译文]任何瓣膜性或先天性心脏病患者,如出现原因不明的发热多日,即应加以怀疑。2. The patientwhom I examined yesterdayhad pneumonia.[译文]我昨天检查的那个病人患肺炎。3.“Eczema”is reserved for a skin inflammation whose cause is undetermined.[译文]湿疹是指起因未定的皮肤炎症。4. There are many factors that influence the rate and depth of respiration.[译文]影响呼吸频率和深度的因素有很多。5. None of the ten studies satisfied the same standards as were recently presented by Gifford.[译文]在这十个研究中,没有一个满足了Gifford最近提出的那些标准。6. https://www.51lunwen.org/yyyxlw/ These alveoli furnish a place where the exchange of gases between the blood and airtakes place.[译文]这些肺泡提供了血与大气间进行气体交换的场所。7. The hay fever season starts in the middle of Februarywhen the trees begin to produce pollen.[译文]花粉热发病的季节开始于二月中旬,这时树木开始生产花粉。以上例句中的定语从句均修饰其前面的名词。有另一种情况,关系代词which引导的定语从句不修饰主句中的某个名词或代词,而是说明整个主句或主句中某一部分所表达的意思。其含义相当于,翻译时常用“这”“这些”来表达。如:1. There is less embarrassment of physiologic function, which benefits the patient s recovery.[译文]生理功能受到的妨碍较少,这有助于病人康复。2. The blood flow may be increased by more rapid and vigorous heart action,which accelerates the movement of heat to the skin.[译文]血流可因更快和更有力的心脏活动而增加,这就使热量加速转移到皮肤。

二、分词短语作后置定语

分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。这两种分词主要是在意思上有主动和被动之分,现在分词一般有主动的意思,过去分词一般有被动的意思。下面我们分别来看看现在分词和过去分词作后置定语的情况:1. Ectoptic pregnancy includes all pregnancies occurring outside the uterine cavity.[译文]宫外孕包括发生在子宫腔外的所有妊娠。2. After an incubation period ranging from 15 to 40 days, the victim develops fever and nausea.[译文]经15至40天的潜伏期后,患者出现发热和恶心。3. Doctors used interferon to treat persons suffering papilloma.[译文]医生使用干扰素治疗患乳头瘤的病人。4. This interferon produced by bacteria costs only about one tenth as much as the interferonproduced from human blood cells.[译文]这种由细菌产生的干扰素只是用人类血细胞产生的干扰素所需费用的十分之一。5. The actual volume of blood loss required to produce shockvaries with size, age, and generalconditions of the patient and with the rapidity of bleeding.[译文]引起休克所需的失血量,视患者的体型、年龄、一般情况以及出血速度而有所不同。

三、介词短语作后置定语

介词短语在医学英语中作后置定语简练而且实用。介词虽是虚词,一般没有独立的词汇意义,但有时还是有一定含义的。如何处理,如何翻译,往往颇费踌躇。下面着重举一些常见介词起定语作用的例子。1. with表示“有……的”,“患……的”。People with emphysemahave more degenerative enzymes in their lungs than healthy people have.[译文]患肺气肿的人在肺内的变质酶比健康人多。In children with cancer, a chickenpox infection can lead to pneumonia, encephalitis, hepatitisand death.[译文]对患癌症的儿童来说,水痘病毒的感染会导致肺炎,脑炎,肝炎和死亡。2. of表示所属关系,“……的”,这在公共英语中也极为常见。The simplest element of the human body is cells.[译文]人体的最简单的成分是细胞。The importance of accurately diagnosing recurrent pains due to emotional stress has not beensufficiently emphasized.[译文]人们尚未充分强调准确诊断由情感紧张而引起的反复疼痛的重要性。3. from表示“由于……的”,“来自……的”Secondary anemia from chronic blood lossmay cause lassitude and malaise.[译文]由于慢性出血而造成的继发性贫血会引起疲倦和不适。Ultraviolet rays from the sun change a form of cholesterol in the skin into Vitamin D.[译文]来自阳光的紫外线把皮肤中的某种胆固醇变成维生素D。4. 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。