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................................  43-44
        4.3.4 The Manipulation of Ideology Since 1967 .........................................  44-45
        4.3.5 The Manipulation of Patronage Since 1967 .........................................  45-46
        4.3.6 The Manipulation of Translators Since 1967 ......................................... 46-48
Chapter Five Case Study: Comparative Study of Chinese ......................................... 48-54
    5.1 Comparative Studies of Beyond The Horizon of 1939  .........................................  48-52
　　5.2 Factors That Manipulate The Difference Between  ......................................... 52-54

　　Conclusion结论

　　
　　在美国戏剧史上有一个划时代的戏剧家，尤金·奥尼尔的写作风格和他对现实的人类灵魂的强烈关注，特别提请注意从自20世纪20年代以来对中国作家和学者。许多奥尼尔的早期和中期的作品从不同的角度进行了分析，包括奥尼尔的悲剧思想，象征性的解释，对资本主义社会的表现主义和他的批评思想。As a landmark playwright in the history of American drama, Eugene O’Neill’srealistic style and his intense focus on the alienated and exiled souls, the reality andhumanity drew particular attention from Chinese playwrights and scholars since1920s. Many of Eugene O’Neill’s early and mid works were interpreted from variousperspectives including O’Neill’s tragic thought, symbolism, expressionism and hiscriticism on the capitalist society. A number of renowned Chinese playwrights likeCao Yu, Hong Shen, Li Qinghua created influential plays like Yuan Ye (TheWilderness), Re Chu (The Sunrise), Zhao yanwang, Yao wang, all of which werepartly adapted or inspired from Eugene O’Neill’s works such as The Emperor Jones,Beyond the Horizon, etc.Although Eugene O’Neill’s plays become more and more popular and a lotof his early and mid works were translated into Chinese during 1920-1947, yet not asingle of his work was translated from 1947 to 1966. This interesting phenomenoncan be elaborated on the perspective of manipulation theory in which three factorsincluding ideology, poetics and patronage interplay with each other. Usually ideologyis the dominant factor when the conflict between socialism and capitalism is strongand the other two factors are usually subject to the control of ideological force.Otherwise, in a relatively free society, the economic benefit and poetics will play agreater role in the selection of books to be published. According to the manipulationtheory, the paper makes the following analysis.As many ideologies co-existed and the poetics was receptive to literary formsfrom the western society during the first period (1920-1947), a variety of EugeneO’Neill’s early works and a few mid-works were introduced and translated into China,marking the first wave of peak in translating his works.https://www.51lunwen.org/   During 1947-1966, as a resultof ideological split between socialism and capitalism, the government-controlledpatronage system and the manipulation of translators, most works from capitalistcountries were banned including those of Eugene O’Neill’s. After the smashing ofThe Gang of Four and the carrying out of the policy of reform and opening up, Chinagradually relented ideological struggle and relaxed censorship on western literature.Driven by economic profit, publishing houses also tend to publish popular bookswhich were profitable. Much inspired by Eugene O’Neill innovative writing skills本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。