英语论文网

is generally associated with better safety on the roads has a lot to do with the reduction of traffic volumes mainly for young drivers and heavy traffic (Rumar, 2002).

Another countermeasure is to reduce accident risk (A/E). This can be achieved by improving road users’ skills, upgrading the road characteristics and improving vehicle performance. However the effect of this strategy often termed preventive safety often reduces as time goes by. The road users usually see all this strategy as a way of improving their mobility or comfort not their safety, their basic instinct is after all these strategy has been put in place is to increase speed but good education, training, legislation and enforcement.

The third countermeasure is the risk of injury (I/A). This can be reduced by providing safety features such as the design of crashworthy vehicles, warning signs, crash barrier and skid resistance surface. This helps reduce injury severity in accident of various types. Road safety audit can also be used to find and remove accidents causing factor on the road. in this strategy, drivers do not feel the passive safety features therefore counter reactive behaviours such as increasing vehicle speed is avoided to a large extent.

On the other hand, post-injury management such as incident detection equipments and emergency rescue services can help reduce in the time of rescue hence increase the chances of survival of accident victims.

The countermeasure methods listed above are predominantly developed in motorized parts of the world and their result has been studied there. Consequently, these measures may not be optimal in Nigeria and Ghana road accidents problems. To the extent that the accidents that occur in the two West African Nations are different from those of the developed nations. There is rationale to believe that countermeasures such as speed control and vehicle examination can be effective in reducing these accidents as well. Although developing and evaluating countermeasures for accidents for both countries should not be abandoned. There may be reason to believe that main problem with both countries is implementation of accident measures rather than usual road accident measures are not effective (Assum, 1998).

Pretorious and Mulder (1997) suggested an integrated approach towards traffic safety management, development and implementation. They recommended development of implementation plans and nonstop evaluation of the implementation process and operation.

2.5 Elements in Road safety strategy

As mentioned above, an integrated approach towards road safety management are required to tackle road safety problem in both Developing nation of West Africa. At the conclusion of the third African Road safety congress in South Africa, 1997, an African road safety initiative was proposed, the initiative described four main areas of action composed of the following four components:

Political priority

Implementation

Funding

Monitoring, evaluation and Research

This was followed up by an appraisal of road safety initiatives in five African countries excluding Nigeria and Ghana, 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。