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stening comprehension testing in the U.K. 63-64 
    2.5 Listening comprehension testing: post-World War II period 64-70 
    2.5.1 Overseas studies 65-68 
    2.5.2 Studies in China 68-70 
    2.6 Progress in listening comprehension testing: after the 1980s 70-76 
    2.6.1 Progress made in people’s knowledge about listening competence 71-72 
    2.6.2 A framework for listening comprehension 72-75 
    2.6.3 Progress made in theories concerning the effect of test method 75-76 
    2.7 Formats of listening comprehension sub-tests in some famous English proficiency tests 76-77 
    2.8 Conclusion 77-78 
    Chapter 3 A Tentative Analysis of and Comment on TEM4 and TEM8 Listening Comprehension Test Papers in Use 78-97 
    3.1 Test authenticity 79-84 
    3.2 TEM4 and TEM8 item type analysis 84-85 
    3.3 TEM4 and TEM8 listening test content analysis 85-90 
    3.4 TEM4 and TEM8 test task analysis 90-92 
    3.5 Comments on the test papers in use 92-97 
    3.5.1 The positive side of the papers and their beneficial backwash on pedagogy 92-94 
    3.5.2 The imperfections of the papers and their detrimental backwash on pedagogy 94-97
Chapter 4 Listening Needs Analysis 97-124 
    4.1 Needs analysis 97-100 
    4.2 Important listening domains 100-105 
    4.3 Real-life listening situations and tasks 105-113 
    4.3.1 Varieties of English language 107-109 
    4.3.2 The matter of accents 109-113 
    4.4 Correspondence between test tasks and real-life listening activities 113-122 
    4.4.1 Seeking correspondence between the test taker’s psychological state and that of the non-test taker’s 115-118 
    4.4.1.1 The test taker’s anxiety under pressure 115-116 
    4.4.1.2 Some practical and feasible pressure-busters 116-118 
    4.4.2 Seeking correspondence between the test language and the real-life language 118-120 
    4.4.3 Seeking correspondence between test tasks and real-life listening activities 120-122 
    4.5 Conclusion 122-124
Chapter 5 Revised Test Specifications for TEM Listening Sub-tests 124-140 
    5.1 Test Specifications 124-126 
    5.2 Original test specifications for TEM4 listening sub-test 126-127 
    5.3 Revised test specifications for TEM4 listening sub-test 127-132 
    5.4 Original test specifications for TEM8 listening sub-test 132-134 
    5.5 Revised test specifications for TEM8 listening sub-test 134-139 
    5.6 Conclusion 139-140
Chapter 6 The Experimental Test and the Results Analysis 140-153 
    6.1 Two assumptions to be tested 140-141 
    6.2 Construction of the experimental test 141-142 
    6.3 Administration of the experimental test本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。