摘要:本文利用需求供给模型比较了两种市场经济条件下的农产品质量安全问题,揭示了农产品质量安全事故频出的主要原因是农产品质量的信息不对称、明显的外部性特征和典型的公共物品属性, 而这些因素在现实的市场经济情况下是经常的、普遍的, 因此, 只有靠政府加大监管力度, 才能消除农产品质量安全问题。
uot; only="" willing="" pay="" 10p,="" a="" cost="" production="" 15p,="" namely="" y1=""> Y2 (Figure 2 B), so that the level of production on the quality and safety of agricultural products or even unprofitable for such quality and safety pay a certain price, at this time it is a rational producer of quality and safety may not be included in the budget. When the quality and safety of agricultural production per unit is just equal to the marginal cost per unit of agricultural product quality safety marginal revenue, ie Y1 = Y2, the quality and safety of agricultural products market equilibrium point E, at this time, the quality and safety of agricultural products per unit price of Pm, agricultural quality and safety of Qm, the producer does not matter at this time do not chase the pursuit of quality and safety.
Figure 1 under the conditions of perfect competition the quality and safety of agricultural products
Third, the real market conditions, quality and safety of agricultural products
In economics, agricultural markets has long been regarded as the closest to a perfectly competitive market structure, however, the reality does not meet the quality and safety of agricultural products perfectly competitive market assumptions. The quality and safety of agricultural products is not an ordinary commodity, quality and safety of agricultural products market is not the general market.
(A), agricultural products quality and safety of information asymmetry.
The so-called asymmetric information refers to the market corresponding to each other between the main economic events for certain asymmetry of knowledge, some people than others involved participants have more information. The main causes of information asymmetry caused by different economic agents the ability to access information and the ease of access to information asymmetry.
The quality and safety of agricultural products on the market, information asymmetry is widespread, mainly: First, production operators and consumers of information between the asymmetry. Compared with the information consumers have, in general, agricultural operators have more information about the quality and safety of agricultural products. The quality and safety of agricultural products to the inherent quality, difficult for consumers to identify them from the appearance, and some even came out after spending is difficult to perceive, in the end whether security can not be known. This provides an opportunity for unscrupulous producers, in order to improve their agricultural production inputs Appearance in high residue pesticides, veterinary drugs. Since the appearance of superiority, consumers do not understand the intrinsic quality of the premise, tend to prefer these "shiny" produce. As a result, agricultural markets will result in adverse selection, poor quality agricultural products from farm to market expelled, the emergence of market inefficiencies, which the development of the entire agricultural markets are very unfavorable.
Second, production operators and asymmetric information between the government. As long industrial chain of agricultural production, many links to decentralized management, so their agricultural producers is a huge group. Under these conditions, government departments implementing regulation is not only v
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