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a single the main production and ownership structure , the implementation of a vertically integrated monopoly. This makes a lot of private capital , foreign capital can not enter the public goods production and circulation . Such direct government production of public goods the way , not only spent a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, but the main thing is that it makes public goods always in a situation of extreme shortage .

The public nature of public goods in different definition determines its main supply can be diverse . The public nature of public goods the higher the degree , the supply situation on the social welfare impact of the production and the wider population , the greater the more important to ensure their adequate supply . Therefore, the Government should supply pure public goods, but the government does not mean that the government supply production of public goods can be produced according to their actual situation properly by private organizations or non-profit organizations to carry out. United States, Britain and other developed market economy countries are bridges, transportation , telecommunications , education and other infrastructure areas was introduced in market participation. For some inconsequential public goods can be provided by the market , the third sector can be a way of supplying the other two supplementary .

Supply cost is reflected in the administrative cost . Since 1978 , China's administrative spending accounted for an increasing percentage of expenditures in 2006 amounted to 18.73% , compared with 2.38 percent in Japan , the United Kingdom 4.19 %, South Korea 5.06 %, France 6.5% , 7.1% in Canada , the United States the 9.9% are much higher ; and in recent years also span increased at an average annual growth of 23%. From the inputs and outputs of government departments , China's government in 1978 to $ 1 administrative cost to produce 74 yuan GDP in 1996 to 68 yuan , by 2006 had fallen to $ 37. Moreover, serious waste of public spending . Of the public sector in the production or provision of public goods , the lack of awareness and cost savings constraint mechanism . Some local governments blindly pursuit of performance , leading to social resources and a serious waste of public expenditure . Internal waste of public institutions is also very serious . Beijing had the city's 48 government agencies in 2007 conducted a survey of energy consumption , the results show that 48 per capita energy consumption of government agencies , the per capita annual water consumption and per capita consumption are Beijing residents four times, 3 and 7 times .

Government intervention in economic activities or the provision of public goods is one of the necessary conditions for the effectiveness of government agencies themselves must be efficient , its inputs and outputs are economical, gainful . However , in reality, are manifested not satisfactory , government agencies tend to be costly ( input ) low efficiency ( output ) . Inefficient government agencies for many reasons , can be attributed to the following aspects : ( 1 ) lack of competition leads to low efficiency. Because government agencies monopoly supply of public goods , the lack of competitors , so that government agencies have neither the pressure nor incentive to reduce costs and improve efficiency , which may lead to excessive government investment , output more than social needs of the publi本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。