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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 dissertation登出时间:2014-08-01编辑:felicia点击率:16842
论文字数:8677论文编号:org201407281357193486语种:英语 English地区:澳大利亚价格:免费论文
关键词:Plant Pollinator Interactions花卉色彩多样性澳大利亚floral colour diversity生物学
摘要:本文是一篇生物学留学论文。由于地质经历了漫长的发展阶段,澳大利亚大陆与其他大陆长期隔离,因此动植物物种有着显著的差别。在花卉色彩多样性的进化过程中,对这方面的研究极少。本文通过分析植物间花粉的传播,进一步分析澳大利亚花卉色彩的多样性。
Although humans cannot see ultra-violet light, UV sensitivity is common in some animals (Tovée 1995). UV sensitivity has been found in insects, birds, fish and reptiles (Marshall, Jones et al. 1996; Neumeyer and Kitschmann 1998; Cuthill, Partridge et al. 2000; Briscoe and Chittka 2001). Studies on UV vision in an ecological context have mainly focused on species specific signalling and mate choice (Bennett, Cuthill et al. 1996; Bennett, Cuthill et al. 1997; Pearn 2001; Cummings, Garc et al. 2006). However, few studies have looked at the role of UV signals in attracting bees to orchids. Previous studies have shown that the presence of UV reflecting crab spiders attracts honeybees to daisies (Heiling, Herberstein et al. 2003). In a similar study, Australian native bees (Austroplebia australis) were attracted but did not land on flowers with UV reflecting crab spiders (Heiling and Herberstein 2004). However, the role of UV signals in orchids is not well studied. In particular, it is not known if the UV signal is important in attracting naive bees to food deceptive orchids. Thus, it will be useful to know if UV signals might also serve to lure naive pollinators to deceptive flowers to understand deceptive pollination.
Aims
This project will investigate Australian flower colour diversity in the context of hymenopteran visual systems, the innate colour preferences of Australian native bees (Trigona carbonaria) and their interactions with a food deceptive orchid (Caladenia carnea). This study aims to address the following questions:
1. Is there a link between hymenopteran vision and Australian floral coloration?
2. Does an Australian native bee (Trigona carbonaria) have innate colour preferences?
3. Does a food deceptive orchid (Caladenia carnea) exploit the innate colour preferences of Trigona carbonar
Methods
Part 1. Is there a link between hymenopteran vision and Australian floral coloration?
Flower collection and spectral reflectance functions of Australian native plant flowers
Australian native flowers were collected from Maranoa Gardens, Balwyn (melway ref 46 F7). Maranoa Gardens was chosen due to the diverse collection of species from all over Australia. Flowers were collected once a month, from May to January.
A colour photograph was taken of the flower for identification. I also took a UV photograph for all flowers, using a digital UV camera [Fuji Finepix Pro S3 UVIR modified CCD for UV imaging] with calibrated UV-vis grey scales (Dyer, Muir et al. 2004). As UV rays are invisible to the human eye (Menzel and Blakers 1976; Dyer 2001), this photo enabled any UV reflectance areas of the flower to be measured by the spectrophotometer (Indsto, Weston et al. 2006).
The spectral reflection functions of flowers were calculated from 300 to 700 nm using a spectrophotometer(S2000) with a PX-2 pulsed xenon light source attached to a PC running SpectraSuite software (Ocean Optics Inc., Dunedin, FL, USA). The spectrophotometer was used to quantify the colour of the flower as wavelength. The wh本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。