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. General exports tend to have a larger proportion of domestic made components and hence can generate more valueadded than processed exports. A gradual shift from processed to general exports implies that China has been forced to accelerate its trade reform, focusing on more value-added and technology intensive manufacturing than processing in response to the external shock caused by the world financial crisis. In addition, trading activities by domestic private firms (classified as ‘others’ in Table 3) rose much faster than that of SOEs or FIEs, showing the rising importance of the private sector relative to that of state-owned and foreign invested enterprises in the Chinese economy.

Table 3 Export and Import structure and growth rates in 2012 Value ($ billion) Total Trade Total Exports o/w, o/w, o/w, General exports Processing exports Mechanical and electrical products High-tech products SOEs FIEs Others Total Imports o/w, o/w, o/w, General imports Processing imports Mechanical and electrical products High-tech products SOEs FIEs Others。

Notes: (1) SOEs = state-owned enterprises, FIEs = foreign owned or foreign invested enterprises. Other enterprises are mainly domestic private enterprises. (2) The subcategories by ‘general/processed’ and ‘mechanical-electrical/high-tech’ products do not add up to the total exports or imports because there is a ‘others’ category which is not reported by the official statistics. Source: NBS: Fixed Assets Investments In 2012, China’s fixed asset investments reached 37.5 trillion RMB, growing by 20.3%, or by 19.0% excluding inflation. The growth rate was 3.4 percentage points lower than that of the previous year, mainly due to the slowdown in the real-estate market (Figure 5). In terms of registration, investment made by domestic enterprises was up by 21.2%, compared to 8% and 14.5% respectively made by enterprises of Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan as a group and the rest of the world. Fixed assets investments in the central and western regions grew significantly faster than in the eastern or coastal region. The growth rates of the former two regions were respectively 26.3% and 23.1%, compared to 16.5% of the latter. The large growth discrepancies of fixed asset investments across regions imply a convergence process taking place between the prosperous coastal and the less advanced inland (central and west) provinces of China.

Investment in the property market was 7.18 trillion RMB, up by 16% in 2012, representing an 11.9 percentage point reduction from the previous year. Nevertheless, the sector still accounted for about 22% of the country’s total fixed asset investment (Figure 6). Among the different types of properties, growth of investment in office buildings was the fastest, at over 31%, while investments in residential houses and commercial buildings were up by 11.4% and 25.4% respectively. During the year, the government has re-iterated the importance of providing enough low cost houses in the urban area. This has resulted in a much faster growth in residential houses with less than 90 square meters. In 2012, 1.7 trillion RMB, up by 21.9% year-on-year, was devoted to the construction of economic affordable housing (<90 M2) and about 6 million new units of houses were completed.
Investment in the agricultural sector surged by 32.2% to 900.4 billion RBM in 2012, much higher than the growth rate in the previous year (28.7%). While the gro本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。