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These relate to environmental factors that are not in the control of the organization but which an organization must consider in developing CSFs. Examples for these are the industry regulation, political development and economic performance of a country, and population trends. For example, Ladbrokes, a UK bookmaker, will be establishing an international business in Italy where it has just acquired a business license, a requirement for foreign sports betting firms prior to establishing a business in the country .

Temporal Factors:

Temporal factors are temporary or one-off CSFs resulting from a specific event necessitating their inclusion. Rockart and Bullen (1981) state that typically, a temporal CSF would not exist and they give as an example of a firm which 'lost executives as a result of a plane crash requiring a critical success factor of rebuilding the executive group'. However, with the evolution and integration of markets globally, one could argue that temporal factors are not temporal anymore as they could exist regularly in organizations. For example, a firm aggressively building its business internationally would have a need for a core group of executives in its new markets. Thus, it would have the CSF of 'building the executive group in a specific market' and it could have this every year for different markets.

For example, Bear Stearns has stated an aggressive expansion plan in Asia to grow existing and new business lines . As Bear Stearns grows its business over the next few years, a CSF in each year is to build its management teams for the business and the financial products that it seeks to expand.

Managerial Position:

A final primary source of CSF is managerial position. This is important if CSFs are considered from an individual's point of view. Rockart and Bullen (1981) give an example of manufacturing managers who would typically have the following CSFs: product quality, inventory control and cash control. As examples, possible firms whose managers would have the stated CSFs mentioned by the authors include Heidelberg Cement (large global cement firm) and Tata Steel (Indian firm which now owns Corus Group, a UK steel manufacturing firm) . In organizations with departments focused on customer relationships, a CSF for managers in these departments is customer relationship management .

An example of CSFs for the five primary sources is shown from a work on enterprise security management (see figure 2) which utilized the CSFs method to develop and deploy an effective approach to their business .

HOW TO WRITE GOOD CSFs:

In an attempt to write good CSFs, a number of principles could help guide writers.

These principles are:

Ensure a good understanding of the environment, the industry and the company- It was shown that CSFs have five primary sources, and it is important to have a good understanding of the environment, t本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。