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对政府采购和创新的研究

政府采购系统最初形成于18世纪末到19世纪初的西方自由资本主义国家。一个多世纪以来,政府采购已经在国家的社会、经济、外交方面发挥了重要作用并且占了政府开支很大的一部分,据统计,政府采购通常占一个国家GDP的10 - 15%。通过采购系统,政府不仅完成了政府采购职能的基本目标,以鼓励和促进工业目标的发展，而且通过他们的采购计划和决策来实现某些国内和国际的政策目标。

在自由贸易的前提下

随着欧洲美国和其他国家国内产业的成熟，以及国际竞争力的增强,为了在全球背景下进一步探索和占领国外市场,解决国际贸易失衡并逐渐减少关税壁垒,这些国家将焦点转向非关税保护的领域——政府采购。在世界各地，使用政府采购支持国家产业发展和创新都是一种常见的做法。目前,外国政府来保护其政府采购市场和支持自己的创新的方法包括对当地产品和劳动内容进行国际采购。

Research Of Government Procurement And Innovation Economics Essay

Government procurement system was first formed in the late 18th and early 19th century in Western liberal capitalist countries. More than a century, government procurement has been in national social, economic, diplomatic, play an important role, and in the account for a large proportion of government spending, according to statistics, government procurement usually accounts for 10-15% of a country's GDP. Through the procurement system, the Government has not only completed the basic objective of government procurement or functions, to encourage and foster the development of an industrial purpose, but also through their procurement plans and decisions to achieve some kind of domestic and international policy goals.

Under the premise of free trade

With Europe and the United States and other countries of the mature domestic industries and international competitiveness enhanced, in order to further explore and occupation of foreign markets, the settlement of international trade imbalances, the gradual reduction in tariff barriers in the global backdrop, these countries will focus turned to non-tariff the area of protection - government procurement. The use of government procurement to support national industrial development and innovation is a common practice around the world. At present, the foreign government to protect its government procurement market and support their own innovative ways are include: provision of international procurement of local products and labor content, such as the Israeli government called on the international procurement must be at least 35% in the domestic purchase; to give domestic firms preferential, such as the U.S. domestic bidders for 10% -30% price discount; priority to buy their products; to limit or prohibit foreign enterprises to enter and so on.

Research

1.1 The theory of government procurement

The idea of Forbes’ government procurement. Forbes (Russell Forbes) (U.S.) in 1929 published the 'Government Procurement', Forbes pointed out that the combination of industry practice, procurement of centralized procurement of government there may be some disadvantages: the procurement of quality may not meet the requirements of various departments; delay was to send items time; procurement organizations tend to be larger than the actual need for inventory storage.

The idea of Baumol's government procurement. The authors were divided into four kinds of government purchases：The open Market Purchase，The Offer and Acceptance Method，The Method of Negotiated Price，The Announced Price Method.

Stanford University professor Lee (Lamar Lee, Jr.) With the Colorado State University business school professor Dobler (Donald W. Dobler) in 1977, co-author of the 'Procurement and 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。