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Abstract:This paper presents a camera that samples the 4D light field on itssensor in a single photographic exposure. This is achieved by in-serting a microlens array between the sensor and main lens, creat-ing a plenoptic camera. Each microlens measures not just the totalamount of light deposited at that location, but how much light ar-rives along each ray. By re-sorting the measured rays of light towhere they would have terminated in slightly different, syntheticcameras, we can compute sharp photographs focused at differentdepths. We show that a linear increase in the resolution of imagesunder each microlens results in a linear increase in the sharpnessof the refocused photographs. This property allows us to extendthe depth of field of the camera without reducing the aperture, en-abling shorter exposures and lower image noise. Especially in themacrophotography regime, we demonstrate that we can also com-pute synthetic photographs from a range of different viewpoints.These capabilities argue for a different strategy in designing photo-graphic www.51lunwen.orgimaging systems.  
     To the photographer, the plenoptic camera operates exactly likean ordinary hand-held camera. We have used our prototype to takehundreds of light field photographs, and we present examples ofportraits, high-speed action and macro close-ups.
Keywords: Digital photography, light field, microlens array, synthetic photography, refocusing.
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Optical Design
3.1 Focusing Microlenses at Optical Infinity
3.2 Matching Main Lens and Microlens f-Numbers
3.3 Characterization of Acquired Data
4 Image Synthesis
4.1 Synthetic Photography Equation
4.2 Digital Refocusing
4.3 Moving the Observer
5 Implementation
5.1 Hardware
5.2 Software
6 Experimental Refocusing Performance
7 Examples of Light Field Photography
8 Discussion
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