网络及社会资本的影响分析 Networks and Social Capital Influence [3]
论文作者:meisishow论文属性:职称论文 Scholarship Papers登出时间:2014-07-12编辑:meisishow点击率:12190
论文字数:5436论文编号:org201407081737537457语种:英语 English地区:新西兰价格:免费论文
关键词:NetworksSocial CapitalInfluence社会资本网络
摘要:社会资本是指个体或团体之间的关联——社会网络、互惠性规范和由此产生的信任,是人们在社会结构中所处的位置给他们带来的资源!社会资本是社会学家首先使用过的一个概念,最早把社会资本概念化的是Granovetter,但学术界至今对究竟何为社会资本尚未形成统一概念,不同的学者从其学科范畴与研究范式出发,对社会资本概念作出了不同的界定。
entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs can exchange their own information and advices for the development strategies of the enterprises in healthy competitions. Competition and cooperation under some circumstance exist at the same time. The enterprises may cooperate with each other of some products or several programs. But they still compete with each other in the market. For instance, two mobile phone companies decided to introduce a cooperation brand which belongs to companies. And except this product, they still need to grasp the market. In this situation, the companies are competing with each other healthily. The cooperation gives both them a chance to communicate and exchange technology and information, and provides an opportunity to share resources. On this occasion, competition and cooperation generate a perfect combination. There are two kinds of studies: studies that research on cooperation between competitors, and studies that have indirectly explained how the actors who is bought and sold at the same time can be influenced by a third party, usually another seller or buyer (Gadde, 1987). Caves and Porter point out that competition within strategic groups is not fierce as between strategic groups. Competition in the business networks is intricate and fascinating. Thus, a variety of relationships occurred between competitors, which Easton and Araujo have emphasized. Competition in the networks is not a bad situation or phenomenon. It can bring inspiration to the entrepreneurs, which can lead the whole industry to a higher stage. Relationships in business networks are generally said to be built upon trust, which implies that these relationships are harmonious. Trust and justice are two main element of competition, which can make business networks more excellent, more harmonious and more positive. Most previous work that considers cooperation on rare interaction networks treats the network as epigene game being played, and illustrates the network either as some kind of spatial lattice (Nowak,1992), or as a network which is sometimes ordered and sometimes random(Watts, 1999). However, cooperation is a kind of specific relationship and interactive mode in the world. It is a trait of human and animal societies, which was observed widely for long (Fehr, 2003). Even it emerged in the populations of non-sentient creatures (Boorman, 1980).“The average level of cooperation in the high network cost regime is much higher than in the low-cost regime.”
High networks give entrepreneurs more sense of security and trust. In addition, make cooperation level higher. Interaction is the most important factor in cooperation. If the members are not active, the relationships make no sense. More frequent communication and updating between partners make higher levels of cooperation. The end of unproductive relationships is beneficial for global cooperation. This conclusion has been indicated in earlier findings by Orbell and Dawes (1993). Cooperation should be positive and with positive spirit. In general, the ability of members to stop an undesirable relationship can be considered as a punishment, which can support cooperation by reducing the obsolete members’ return. There are many different types and methods of cooperation. Sometimes, it may be subtly without consciousness or particular purpose. Usually, the entrepreneurs choose to build the relationship of cooperation to obtain the enterprise goal. Three directional choices can be found i
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