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of supplementing this deficiency.) London School linguists have no interest in asking what particular types of rules are used in realizing various systemic options, since they are not concerned with the question of linguistic universals. In the case of syntax the Chomskyans are less one – sided than in the case of phonology, since most Chomskyan grammars include a constituency base defining a range of deep structures as well as a set of transformational rules converting deep into surface structures. Alongside the notion of “system”, Halliday (for example, 1961) introduces into syntax the notions “rank” and “delicacy”: scale of rank; scale of delicacy and scale of exponence. Any grammatical system will operate at a specific rank. If we think in terms of Chomskyan hierarchical tree diagrams, Halliday is saying, as it were, that sentences can be represented not merely as trees but as trees which are regimented in such a way that along any branch there are the same number of intermediate nodes between the “root” and the “leaf”. The most important view of Halliday is his scale and category grammar, and systemic grammar. He supposed that there are four categories in language: unit, class, structure and system. These four categories are linked with scale of rank, scale of delicacy and scale of exponence. Firthian Linguistics and Chomskyan Generative Grammar is just a small proportion in the history of linguistics. But the interest towards languages and the practical problems accelerates the independent establishment of linguistics at several centers, such as India, Arab and Greek Rome. Each center has its own achievements. It is very hard to believe that the European linguistics could not reach such a level without loaning the linguistic achievement outside of Europe especially the ancient India linguists’ study on Sanskrit grammar and phonology. It is said that European science is the global one. So it is same in the case of linguistics. To learn something about European linguistic schools means to learn linguistics internationally. Bibliography Robins, R. H. 1967, 《语言学简史》， 安徽教育出版社 Sampson, Geoffrey ，1980, Schools of Linguistics , Stanford University Press 王宗炎， 1980，《伦敦学派奠基人弗思的语言理论》， 《国外语言学》， 1980年第5 期 胡壮麟， 1983，《韩礼德》，《国外语言学》， 1983年第2 期 赵世开， 1987，《 国外语言学概述—— 流派和代表人物》， 北京语言学院出版社 徐志民， 1990，《 欧美语言学简史》，学林出版社 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。