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中文摘要: 在我们的生活中,我们在无意识地使用母语, 只有在我们想起我们的童年时代或者在哺育孩子时,我们才会想起在语言习得问题上有多少因素会介入.当我们了解了母语后,我们会学习外语.这时会发现人们要努力才会获得语言交流能力.这样,就有必要了解语言学的历史,有很多流派的语言学, 本论文只介绍费思的语言学吉乔姆斯基的生成语法之比较以及语言的形成. Abstract: For most of our lifetime, we just use and comprehend our native language unconsciously without any arguments and questions. Only when we thought of our childhood and maybe brought up the children might we realize that how many complicated aspects are involved in the acquisition process. And after we have known the first language or native language, we try to learn a second language or foreign languages, we found it more difficult to understand that human beings have to make efforts to obtain the competence for language communication. Hence it is really important to know something about the short history of linguistics. Of course there are so many schools of linguistics in its history. But in this essay, only the comparison between Firthan Linguistics and Noam Chomsky’s Generative Grammar is presented to show you the similarities and differences of the two and how languages come into being. Firthian linguistics, or the London School, was founded in England, a country in which certain aspects of linguistics have an unusually long history, by John Rupert Firth (1890-1960), the first general linguistics anthropologist and father of the London School. Firth, a Yorkshireman, read history as an undergraduate. He was professor of English at the University of the Punjab from 1919 to 1928, and returned in the latter year to a post in the phonetics department of University College, London. In 1938 Firth moved to the linguistic department of the School of Oriental and African Studies, where in 1944 he became the first professor of General Linguistics in Great Britain. Until very recently, the majority of university teachers of linguistics in Britain were people who had trained under Firth’s aegis and whose work reflected his ideas. There are many other British linguists in this school, such as F. Palmer, John Lyons, R.H. Robins and M. A. K. Halliday. Firth’s theory: 1) Analysis of language: structure / system; 2) He argues not only social process but also individual human beings are involved in the development of language. He emphasis the personal side of human being. He did not agree Saussuran dictum, langue and parole, language is a set of commensions, and mode of action. 3) Speech is the essence of language. 4) Language is developed as a result of inter-nature and nurture. People’s learning process of language the target language used by people in reality. During the development, there were two outstanding aspects that are always associated with the name of Firth: context of situation theory and prosody. The context of situation theory is the foundation of linguistics. Firth insisted that sound and meaning in language were more directly related than they are usually taken to be. Meaning is the focus of linguistic study; context may be employed to be the theory and approach of analysis. Meaning does not come from the idea of the word comprised the situation by, or from the relation. It has three contents: 1) speech interrelates with outside word; 2) narrative situation; 3) speech is used to fill a kind of vacuum, for instance, the phallic function in communication: “How do you do?” “Nice day!” “Mhm!” etc. The principle just mentioned did have some heuristic value for the work of the London School. It meant for instance, that the practitioners of the sch