英语论文网

uch people as poets, playwrights, storytellers, novelists, public speakers, and comedians. Logical/Mathematical Intelligence is the ability to use numbers effectively, to recognize abstract patterns, to discern relationships and to reason well. The intelligence can be seen in such people as scientists, computer programmers, accountant, lawyers, bankers, and, of course, mathematicians. The logical/mathematical and verbal/linguistic intelligences form the basis for most systems of education, as well as for all forms of currently existing standardized testing programs. Visual/Spatial Intelligence involves the ability to sense form, space, color, line, and shape including the ability to graphically represent visual or spatial ideas. This intelligence can be seen in such people as architects, graphic artists, cartographers, industrial design draftspersons, and, of course, visual artists (painters and sculptors). Bodily/Kinesthetic Intelligence is the ability to use one's body to express oneself and to solve problems. This intelligence can be seen in such people as actors, athletes, mimes, dancers, and inventors. Musical/Rhythmic Intelligence involves the ability to recognize tonal patterns and a sensibility to rhythm, pitch, melody, etc. This intelligence can be seen in advertising professionals (those who write catchy jungles to sell a product), performance musicians, rock musicians, dance bands and composers. Interpersonal Intelligence involves the ability to understand people's moods, feelings, motivations and intentions. It includes the ability to work cooperatively with others in a group and to communicate, verbally and nonverbally, with other people. This form of intelligence is usually highly developed in such people as counselors, teachers, therapists, politicians, and religions leaders. Intrapersonal Intelligence involves the ability to understand the internal aspects of the self and to practice self-discipline. This intelligence can be seen in such people as philosophers, psychiatrists, spiritual counselors, and cognitive pattern researchers. Naturalist Intelligence involves the ability to recognize and classify plants, minerals, and animals, including rocks, grass, and all variety of flora and fauna. It also includes the ability to recognize cultural artifacts like cars, sneakers, etc. The intelligence can be seen in such people as farmers, hunters, zookeepers, gardeners, cooks, veterinarians, nature guide, and forest rangers. III. The Application of MI Theory to English Language Teaching (ELT) It seemed to us that ever since the arising of the learner-centered instruction, every ELT method/technique with its specific emphasis has been developed to meet students' different needs, or interests (somewhat as Gardner's intention of developing and/or using different kinds of "intelligences"). The Silent Way, for example, emphasizes the development of students' inner thinking (intrapersonal intelligence); Total Physical Response, however, emphasizes language learning through physical action (bodily/kinesthetic intelligence); Suggestopedia, on the other hand, emphasizes the use of music (musical intelligence) to facilitate language cognition; both the Communicative Approach and cooperative learning emphasize the importance of interpersonal relationship (interpersonal intelligence) to language learning; and the whole language learning not only emphasizes the wholeness and reality of language (verbal/linguist