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Chapter 2 Literature Review

2.1 The definition of interactive approach
Interactive approach, originated from 1970s, is developing into a widely usedpedagogical system which has gained a considerable acceptance in western countries tillnow. The interactive approach means series of activities organized between teacher-students,student-student and student-text in order to fulfill different learning tasks cooperatively.Wilga M.Rivers (2000:4) defines “interaction” as “students achieve facility in using alanguage when their attention is focused on conveying and receiving authentic messages.”Gordon Wells (1981:46) says “linguistic interaction is a collaborative activity…, any act oflinguistic communication involves the establishment of a triangular relationship between thesender, the receiver and the context of situation.”American linguist H. Douglas Brown (1994:159) defines about interaction like that“interaction is the collaborative exchange of thoughts, feelings, or ideas between two ormore people resulting in a reciprocal effect on each other.” Effective teaching is the result ofa bilateral operation between the teacher and the students; without students’ participation,language teaching cannot be effective. It is well known that language interaction without thesituations can’t be realized and can’t exist. Vygotsky's theories (1978) stress the fundamentalrole of social interaction in the development of cognition, as he believes strongly thatcommunity plays a central role in the process of “making meaning”.
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2.2 Interactive Approach in Reading Teaching
Interactive Approach advocates making use of series of teaching methods which areorganized between teacher and students, students and students to fulfill different kinds oflearning tasks. The learning task of reading is based on the interaction between teachers andstudents, between students and the reading text, and among students and also the activelearning atmosphere in the classroom. The aim of the Interactive Approach is to motivatestudents; and develop their language proficiency. In the Interactive Approach, student is thecenter of learning.Since we have known that the interactive learning and teaching stress that studentsshould actively participate in classroom activities and tasks in order to explore theircreativity, in the interactive reading classroom, interaction should take place between thestudents and the teacher, as well as among the students to complete a teaching content. Justlike the interaction between the listener and the speaker, interaction also happens among thereader, the author and the text when reading. The reader acts as the information receiver andthe author acts as the information sender. The reader needs to participate and communicatewith the text. This participation and communication need to use the reader’s knowledge oflanguage, the cultural background knowledge, and the content of the text to explore andcomprehend the author’s intended and potential meaning.
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Chapter 3 Research Design .....18
3.1 Research Questions ......... 18
3.2 Subjects ......... 18
3.3 Materials........ 19
3.4 Instruments .... 19
3.4.1 Questionnaires.... 19
3.4.2 Pre-test and Post-test ...... 20
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