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elin a Mini with a heavy coat and a bag ofmedicine.(Unit six BookⅡCollege English)[2]
我身着御寒的厚衣、肩背药箱,胜似一位求急的天使。
例3:While most of us are only too ready to apply to othersthe cold wind of criticism, we are somewhat reluctant to give our fellowthe warm sunshine of praise.
(Unit 10 BookⅡCollege English)[2]
我们大多数人动不动就对别人刮起批评的寒风,不知为什么却不愿意把表扬的温暖阳光给予我们的同伴。
隐喻是“无处不在的语言原则”,其在英语运用中俯拾即是。其常用格式如下:
2.1　主语型
例1:The machinesitting at that desk was no longer a man; Itwas a busy NewYork broker…
坐在那张桌子前面的那台机器,不再是一般人,而是一个忙碌着的纽约经纪人。
这里作者直接以此代彼的方法用“the machine”(机器)代替经纪人。用这个隐喻概括了经纪人的冷酷无情。
例2:A silver plateis rising up in the sky.
一个银盘在天边升起。
这里用“a silver plate”(银盘)来隐喻“the moon”(月亮)。富有诗意。
2.2　表语型
例1:Education is notthefilling ofa pail, but the lighting ofafire.
教育不是注满一桶水,而是点燃一把火。
句中把“education”(教育)比作是“the lightingof a fire”(点燃一把火),而不是“the filling of a pail”(注满一桶水)。生动鲜明。
例2:Marriage isa bookofwhichthe first chapter is written in poetry and remaining chapters in prose.
婚姻,是一本第一章以诗写成,其余各章则以散文写就的书。
这里作者把“marriage”(婚姻)比作“a book”(一本书),令人产生联想、富有哲理。
2.3　宾语型
例1:Prime Minister ridesthe info-highway.
首相在信息高速公路上奔驰。
这里“info-highway”不是一般意义上的公路,而是喻指“信息高速公路”。
例2:I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind…
我喉咙哽噎,忧思万缕…“lump”原义为“块、团”,句中用来喻指“感情的压抑”。
2.4　同位语型
例1:She was a lady born,a jewel,thugh probably she could do no more than just read and write![7]
她天生丽质,是一颗明珠,尽管她不通文墨!句中“a jewel”(宝石)是“a lady”的同位语。此处喻指“受珍视之人”
例2:When he speaks,the air,a chartered librtine, is still.
当他说话时,空气,这个有特权的浪子,都静止不动了。
句中“a chartered libertine”(有特权的浪子)是“air”(空气)的同位语。此处喻指“空气特有的飘逸、无拘无束”。
2.5　谓语型
例1:Also,he had money in his pocket,and as in the old days when a pay day,he made the moneyfly.
还有,当他钱袋里有钱的时候,像过去发薪的日子一样,他挥金如土。
句中用“fly”(飞)来隐喻“挥霍,钱花得快”。
例2:The boywolfed downthe food the moment he grabbed it.
那男孩儿一抓到食物便狼吞虎咽般地吃了下去。句中用“wolfed down”(狼吞虎咽)来隐喻“吃得急迫和狼狈”
2.6　定语型
例1:John was anaggressivesalesman who did his job quite well[7].
约翰是一位积极肯干的推销员,他工作得很出色。
“aggressive”本义是“好攻击的”,句中转义为“积极肯干的”。
例2:China has rosy prospect.
中国有着光明的前途。“rosy”原义为“玫瑰色的”,句中隐喻为“充满希望的、光明的”
2.7　状语型
例1:The charcoal fire glowed and dimmedrhythmicallyto the strokes of the bellows.
木炭火随着风箱一次次的拉动有节奏地一明一暗。
“rhythmically”(有节奏地)原本用于描写音乐、舞蹈,这里转而用来描写一名一暗的“fire”,十分生动逼真。
例2:They livedfrom hand to mouth.
他们收入仅够糊口。
这里用“from hand to mouth”来隐喻“现挣现吃地、仅够糊口地”
2.8　-of-短主型
例1:Her son is shy of persons;he isa girl of a boy.
她