英语论文网

ave become far more important.Public speaking is defined as a subcategory of communication which takes place onoccasions where a number of listeners receive messages from a single, clearlyidentifiable source [8] (Eisenberg, 1991). In fact, its definitions are various according todifferent scholars in different light. The simplest one is that ―public speaking is the artof having something to say, and saying it well‖ [27] (Benjamin Sevitch, 2005: 45).We see speeches delivered in public quite often, like the inaugural address of thepresident elect, religious preaches in the church, statements made by the leading body ata meeting or conference, and open-class or seminars in a university. Even introducingoneself, showing one‘s viewpoint, expressing one‘s feelings, asking others‘ help canalso be regarded as this kind [31] (Chai Ruiqin & Ji Zheming, 2010).

Chapter Two Literature Review

Since 1980s, much effort has been put into to the study of discourse markers. Inspite of the quantity of study in this area, there is no general agreement on the basicissues of terminology and classification [26] (Schourup, 1999:228). This section mainlyreviews the definition of DMs, followed by its classification and previous studies inChina.

2.1 Studies of DMs abroad

2.1.1 Diversified terminologies and definitions of DMs
As different researchers study DMs from different perspectives and adopt a widerange of frameworks, the terminology is rather perplexing. So does the definition ofDMs.Ostman, one of the first scholars who have studied the structure you know, definesit as ―a pragmatic particle‖. He believes that a pragmatic particle would usually be short,and occur on a higher level than the rest of the utterance. It would not be part of thepropositional content of the sentence, but tends to modify the utterance as a whole [21](Ostman, 1981:149).Schourup is also an early researcher in this field. He uses the term ―commondiscourse particles. In his opinion, common discourse particles help the audienceunderstand the speaker‘s mental processes before and during the production of anutterance. His interest is in well, oh, like, and you know [25] (Schourup, 1983).Since her pioneering book Discourse Markers was published in 1987, Schiffrinmade ―discourse marker the limelight of linguistic study, and its related researcheshave become prosperous. According to Schiffrin, discourse markers are ―sequentiallydependent elements which bracket units of talk [23] (1987: 31). Her analysis is the firstto approach eleven DMs systematically and to be based on sociolinguistic interviews. Ata more theoretical level she further defines DMs as ―members of a functional class ofverbal (and non-verbal) devices which provide contextual coordinates for ongoing talk [23] (1987: 41). By establishing multiple contextual coordinates simultaneously DMscontribute to coherence.

Chapter Three Theoretical Frame work.......... 21-27
    3.1 The relevance principles .........21-22
    3.2 Ostensive- inferential communication model......... 22-23
    3.3 Cognitive environment and mutual manifestness......... 23-24
    3.4 Contextual effect and processing effort......... 24
    3.5 Relevance theoretical view of DMs......... 24-27
Chapter Four Research Design and Method本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。